Canada’s Domestic Policy + Migration Flows

Question 1

Describe the Liberal era

Answer 1

• election of the federal liberal party marked beginning of liveral era
• 1896-1911
• revival of the Canadian economy
• increasing migration
• construction of a second transcolonial railway

Question 2

Describe the taxation powers during the liberal era

Answer 2

• economic growth relied on natural resources —) provinces more power, improved federal-provincial relations
• provinces called for an increase in federal money to finance industrialization
• provinces wanted to increase amount of tax money (customs duties, sale of certain goods such as tobacco and alcohol)
• increased tax transfers by 33% in 1907

Question 3

What effect did the massive arrival of immigrants have on Francophone communities?

Answer 3

• demographic weight if francophone communities decreased

- ability to defend their rights were limited

Question 4

Describe the residential schools during the liberal era

Answer 4

• canada continued policy of assimilation of First nation people
• residential schools run by Christian churches
• high mortality rate among indigenous children in residential schools
• attendance at residential schools was mandatory
• 25-30% of children died while living in residential schools

Question 5

How did the Canadian government increase control over indigenous communities?

Answer 5

• number of civil servants in the department of Indian affairs was increased
• «indian agents» were placed on reserves to supervise the band councils decisions and requests
• first nations people were prohibited fron hiring lawyers and claiming land (1927-1951)
• • in 1939, the supreme court ruled the inuit should be considered «indians»

Question 6

What major changes were made to the division of Canadian territory?

Answer 6

• in 1905, Saskatchewan and Alberta were created

- Ontario’s territory expanded

Question 7

Describe the ethnic origins of immigrants in the early 1900s

Answer 7

• 1/3 united kingdom
• 1/3 united states
• 1/3 mostly europeans + others

Question 8

What were Laurier’s strategies on colonizing Western Canada?

Answer 8

• publishing brochures
• printing posters
• opening immigration offices in large European cities
• • offering free land to immigrants
• • paying immigrants’ passage to Canada by ship

Question 9

What is xenophobia?

Answer 9

Hostility or fear towards people of foreign origin

Question 10

How did xenophobia increase in Western Canada?

Answer 10

• increased presence of immigrants of various origins

- asian immigrants settling in neighbourhoods to try to preserve their culture

Question 11

What did xenophobia lead to?

Answer 11

Judgement of immigrants from central and Eastern Europe

Question 12

What did some English canadians in western eaurope fear increasing immigration would do?

Answer 12

*Feared that the number of immigrants would grow and threaten English Canadian culture

Question 13

What did the Canadian government do in response to increasing xénophobia?

Answer 13

Canadian government adopted increasingly restrictive measures for Asian immigrants. (Imposed taxes, limited settlement)