Urban Flashcards
definition
urbanisation
an increase in the percatage of people living in towns and cities
definition
megacity
urban area with a total population of 10M+
urban to rural
push fastor: too loud, no fresh air, expensive houses
pull factor: open air, cheaper houusing
rural to urban
-push: dorught destroyed crops no longer source of income, bad schools/few, lack of healthcare facilities, crime
pull: uk’s low pressure so lots of rain, advaces healthcare facilities, stricter law so less crime
challanges
slums and squat settlments
- lack of affordable housing
- due to high population density disease can spread very quickly
- highg infant mortality rates at 50 per 1000
- houses made from cardboard, wood
- in poorest areas 10% have no acess to clean water, 50% lack proper sanitation
challanges
clean water, sanitation,energy provision
- illegal tapping lead to 1/3 of fresh piped water being lost
- wells can be polluted
- droughts have increased pressure of supplying fresh water as resevoirs have dired up
- 200 tons of raw sewage pured into guanabara bay
challanges
healthcare/ education
- only 50% of kids continue with education post 14 more likey to be unemployed
- 6-14 composury, not enough time to learn
challanges
recusing unemployemnt and crime
- hude difference in rich and poor
- ememployment greater than 90% in the favels
- 1/3 of workiers in informal secotry doing badly paid/ dangerous jobs e.g. streeet vendinhg, car wash
- criminal gamgs
urban challanges
enviromental
- 3.1 M tons of waste generated in ri per year - landfill
- narrow/ steep roads so garbage trucks cant acsess all houses
- 50% of household waste is organic and composted
an LIC you have studied
Rio
location of rio
east coast of brazil
south america
beneath equator
illiteracy rate
rio - 4%
brazil - 22%
life expectancy
rio - 77
brazil - 73
water supply
Rio - 95%
Brazil - 65%
Energy
Rio - 99%
Brazil - 1 in 4 homes
employment importance
Rio - earns 5% of brazils gpd, 2nd most industrial city in brazil
improving quality of life for the urban poor
social
- new sewage system built, improved sanitation and stopped disease spreading
- new schools and day cares built
- centres to help drug addicts and alchaholics
improving quality of life for the urban poor
enviromental
- pipeline dug to remove water during times of heavy rain
- trees planted to stop landslides
improving quality of life for the urban poor
improving quality of life for the urban poor
limitations
- some residents cahsed in by selling up and moving out to other favels which havent been upgaraded yet
improving quality of life for the urban poor
economic benifits
- project has helped people get leagal ownership of thier properties
- training to help find jobs
- hundreds of buisnesses opened e.g. macdonals
improving quality of life for the urban poor
£200 million proveded to improve 60 favelas
ran from 1995-2008
involved 25300 people
london location and importance
- 40 higher education institutions including some of the worlds top unis, well educated students so peole are attracted to go here
- london is one of the most visited cities in the world, political pressure to keep perfect, , attracts good buisnesses, main part of the country
- london has the highest tourist spend in the world with $21.1 billion in 2011, builds relationship with other countries, economic importance
- londan has the 6th largest city economy in the world, 2012 olympocs, government have to make sre there are good infrastructures and publid transport as big buisnesses are situated here
impacts of migration
- turkish is teh 2nd most spoken language in islington
- turkish resturants in upper street
- 1/3 of national migration is to london
- ## 250+ languages cultural mix