Natural Harzards Flashcards
high latidtude
hear north or soth
lower pressure
not much pressure pressing on ground
- cloud and rain
- water apour comdences into droplets forming clouds and rainfall
- cyclone
high pressure
lots of air pressing onto ground
- no clouds
- not always hot can be cold
- anticyclone
global atmospheric circulation
polar cell
ferrel cell
hadley cell
describe the climate coditions at the equator
- highest temps
- since sun eays travvel a storetd distance
- hitts earth at less on an angle
- low pressure
- rainfall
- direv=ct sunlight
- more insolation
uk climate
located at the boudary of the polar and ferrel cell
low pressure
when polar and ferrel cells meet the warm air mass that has come much nearer the equator and the coil air mass that has come from teh north pole both force each otehr up
creates area of low pressure which is associted with unsettled watchte liek storms and ainfall
corlosis effect
result of difference in velocity as the earth spins
there is no corlosis efecct on the equator
winds distorted by the earth’s rotation
earth spins fatser at euator
slower at higher ;aitudes
why are tropical storms not formed near the equator
the Coriolis force is zero at the equator.
how are tropical storms formed
- warm surface ocean water (27) mix with warm air from thundertorm and start to rise creating low pressure low altidude winds needed
- trade winds at the equtpr cause the storm to spin due to the eart’s rotation
- air continues to rise and the pressure starts to decrease at higher altitudes
- air rises faster and draws in more warm air from the sea surface whilts suking
Huricane katrina
primary efffects
- Killed 1,833 people (social)
- 80% of New Orleans flooded as levees failed (env)
- in mississipi 3/4 of houses had rooofs blown off
Huricane Katrina
Secondary effect
- 1.3 million acres of trees were lost
- Cost $161 BILLION dollars! (Most expensive USA disaster in history) (Ec)
- 26 million litres of oil spilt into the sea (env),
- 2 years later still 11,800 homeless (social)
Huricane Ktrina
imeiate responces
- Uk was offered 350,000 army meals but they were rejected because of a law regarding mad cow disease
- National Guard sent to keep the peace as there was so much looting and crime
- : evacuated 30,000 people to the Superdrome (terrible conditions)
Huricane Ktrina
long term responces
-100,000 trailers given to homless individuals
- £50 billion given in aid by the US government, replaced 220 miles of levees & defences to stop future flooding however president bush was ciritisized for responding slolwy
- 50% of population of noth staes migrated
Prediction
hurricanes
computer modeling
motitor predicted path from storm
+ gives poeple time to evacuate
- not 100% accurate
- can only be prediced a few seconds beofre
- some poele may not know how severe i t is
- e.g 50% who didnt evacuate didnt have a car
planning
hurricanes
future developments
avoiding low lying areas (risk)
+less popele will be affected/ unemployed
- low lying areas cheap to purcae or lest unsuwd so peopl ein LICs may be forced to live here and have more risk
Planning
emergency servives hurricanes
training army and police to recuse, evacuation practice
e.g. in japan evey 1st september
+fatser responce rate so less people are killed
-infrastructure may be blocked so evergency servieses may stuggle to get anywhere
Protection
Flood Defences hurricanes
building defences such as levees along rivers and seas
+ water contained reducing risk
- 50 levees broke 80% of new orleans flooded
- expensive
Protection
building design
stilts, cross bracing
+ less buildings destoyed
- only can be done to new houses
- poeple dont being told what to bild
- expensive to adapt
beast from the east
cause
caused by a change to the northern polar jet stream, which twisted its direction unexpectedly, drawing in cold air to the UK from the east. This air picked up moisture over the North Sea bringing snow. The depression Storm Emma then came from the south-east and caused more snow as it hit the extremely cold air over the UK
beast from the east
social effects
- social – Thousands of schools were closed. - —Hundreds of motorists on the M80 near Glasgow reported being stuck for up to 13 hours, with some spending the night in their cars, and others abandoning their vehicles. - Around 1,000 vehicles were at a standstill, tailing back eight miles in both directions.
- baby was bron on A66 as they failed to make it to a hospital
beast from the east
economic effects
- British Airways cancelled hundreds of short-haul flights from Heathrow, and London
- City Airport also cancelled many services.
- The weather cost the UK millions.
- The AA estimated that there were 8,260 collisions on Britain’s roads from the snow chaos in just three days, with the insurance cost above £10m.
- Two thirds of them due to snow and ice.
- Major shopping centres and businesses closed early.
beast from the east
enviromental impacts
-T he extreme cold led to the snow remaining, and strong winds of 60-70mph caused snow drifts as high as 7m.
- Damage to crops and habitats as they were buried by snow for several days, particularly in higher altitude areas such as Dartmoor.
beast from the east
managment
- The Army were called in to help people when Storm Emma hit.
- Councils had to send out gritters and snow ploughs to clear the roads.
- Cleveland Mountain Rescue took district nurses around rural elderly patients in East Cleveland and North Yorkshire Moors. They also ran NHS staff into James Cook at Middlesbrough to keep services running.
- In Edinburgh, soldiers were deployed to help transport about 200 NHS clinical and support staff to and from the Western General Hospital and Edinburgh Royal Infirmary.
- foil blankets given to stranded civilians
eye
low pressure, calm
eyewall
most dangerous part
most intence rain
global distribution
hurricanes
- Atlantic and North-East Pacific Oceans.
whts a natural harazrd
a naturally occurring event that is a threat to a population
