Living world Flashcards
interdependence
relies on each other
biodiversity
the variety of species in an area
tropical rainforests f.t.
largest number of species of any biome
over 50% of species
huge diversity
Hot desert climate
- low rainfall ( 250mm per year)
- rains once every few years
- very warm in the day (45) but can drop to 0 at night
Hot desert soil
- low fertility
- low rainfall so its dry
Hot deserts plants
- cacti dont need much water
- short life cycles
desertification meaning
where fertile land becomes desert
camels adaptations
- closes nostrils to prevent sand getting in
- can go for several months without food
- stores fat in the hump which can then be used for energy
- thick lips so they can eat prickly desert pkants without feelig pain
- long eyelashes keep sand out of camels eyes
cacti adaptations
- stems that store water
- widespread roots that collect water from a wide area
arid
dry
fennec fox adaptaions
- large ears help dissipate excess body heat
- thick fur insulates them in cold nights
- sandy fur camouflage
- kidneys are adapted to restrict water loss
drought tolereat trees adaptations
- roots can penetrate 50m into the ground to find as much water as possible
- stinging ants live in them so when animals try to eat the leaves the ants will defend their home by stinging the predator
lichen adaptations
- can grow on rocks in high temperatures
- when moistures avalible its taken up by the fungus leading to a mechanical change that lets more light though
- when lichen is dormant it does not grow
issues cause biodiversity in deserts
- low biodiversity
- global warming is pushing species out of deserts or extinction
- areas with water have a high population of humans who increase desertification since they drink too much contaminated water
sahel mineral extraction
- 60% of export revenuies in NIger are from trading uranium which annually contributes $500 million to the country
- concern in the transpartany of teh governance of extractive industries
- e.g. in 2016 there were arguments to improve the transparancy of chad’s oil sector
Sahel farming
- agricultrual productivity is low
- potential of sustainable livestock restoration
- millions of hectares of land has been restroed
- tree cover has increased
- great green wall ( 128 million trees planted ) - development
sahel tourism
- timbuktu has large potential ; it has lost libraries, houses and mosques
- in 2011 there were 200,000 tourists visiting teh city although this has decreased duce to conflict and attacks there
- uk advises not to travel to the majority of chad due to active terrorism and unexploded mines
shahel climate change
- due to over extraction of water souurces for agriculture this is a problem
- temperatures are rising 1.5 times more than teh global avarage
- droughts are becomeing more frequent
- water has shrunk by 90% due to cilimate change and population growth
- lack of water increases conflict
sahel renewable energy
- energy is a sustaniable source of development
- predicted by the international energy agency that 670 million people in 2030 will have no energy especially in teh sahel region
- better lifestyle: to cook children dont have to look for firewood all day, peopoe can work longer hours with lighting, safe water pumps reduces time spent finding water
- sudan has announced that they will incraese accecibiloty to enrgy by 13% each year until 2025
shahel extreme temperatures cause
- rapid evaportaion of precipitation leads to infertile soil
- famine
sahel inacessibility
- lack of transport
- cahhangeing to build in hot arid place
- 20-30 million peole in teh sahel are nomadic pastorilists so its hard to maintail health care for them since tehy tarvel alot and inhibit inacessibel areas
desertification- climate change
- less rainfall so crops don’t grow but when it does rain its heavy and washed away soil
solution
demi lunes/ dams
demilunes trap water during wet seasons and collects water without letting it wash away
small dams buuilt so acess to water all year round
small so appropriate
sahel - population growth
- huge increase in population so high demand for water and food which isnt avalible
solution
reducing population/ family planning
to stop the population dobling in 30 years as predicted contraseptives are introduced
sahel- removal of fuel wood
can get very cold at night and in orger to see at night they need wood
also less trees means more erosion of soil
solution: renewable energy/ solar panels
better lighting, low tech, cheap, appropriate
overgrazing (too many animals) and over cultivation ( too many crops)
- soil runs out of nutrients
- eventually things ill stop growing there
- new areas to farm needed
solution: trading/ educating
more poepl are encouraged to do jobs outside farming liek working in small groups to make butter minlk or educating to lar other trades
sahel - soil erosion
if soil is washed away it cant be used for crops
solution: planting trees
will help keep teh soil in place and preent erosion
food chain
simple
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