Upper respiratory tract and chest Flashcards
What features are found as part of the upper respiratory tract?
External nose, nasal cavity, pharynx and associated structures
What features are found as part of the lower respiratory tract?
Larynx, bronchi and lungs
What features are found as part of the conducting zone?
nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and terminal bronchioles.
What is the function of the conducting zone?
to warm, filter and moisten air before directing it to the lungs
What is the function of the respiratory zone?
gas exchange
What features are found in the respiratory zone?
respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs and alveoli.
What is the external portion of the nose made from?
nasal bone, connective tissue, adipose tissue and cartilage (alar, lateral and septal)
Which cartilaginous membrane separates the left and right boundaries of a bisected head (sagittal plane)
Nasal septum
At what boundary does the nasal cavity end and the nasopharynx begin?
Posterior border of nasal septum
What structure forms the floor of the nasal cavity?
Hard palate (palatine bone and palatine process of maxilla bone)
What is the name of the bone immediately superior to the roof of the nasal cavity?
Frontal bone
What is the name given to the passages between the conchae?
Meatus
What is the function of the conchae?
moistens, softens and filters air. modifies speech vibrations. forms turbulence in inspired air.
Which ducts open into the nasal cavity?
parasinasal sinuses and nasolacrimal ducts
Which bone form the roof of the nasal cavity?
ethmoid bone
What sinuses can be found in the bisected head?
spenoidal sinus and frontal sinus
What are the 3 purposes of sinuses?
- protection against facial trauma
- floatation of skull
What is the purpose of the nasolacrimal duct?
carries tears from lacrimal sac into nasal cavity
What happens if the nasolacrimal duct becomes blocked?
overflow of tears
What are the names of the three sections of the pharynx?
nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
What separates the oropharynx from the nasopharynx?
soft palate
What separates the oropharynx from the laryngopharynx?
hyoid bone/epiglottis
What structures are connected to the pharynx by the auditory tube?
eustachian tube
What is the purpose of the eustachian tube?
Drain mucus. Links nasopharynx to middle ear.
Where does the eustachian wall extend to?
Extends from anterior wall of middle ear to lateral wall of nasopharynx.
What are the names of the tonsils that can be seen on the bisected head?
Pharangeal, linguinal, palatine and tubal
Where are the pharyngeal tonsils found?
Roof of pharynx
Where are the tubal tonsils found?
Roof of pharynx
Where are the palatine tonsils found?
Under the soft palate
Where are the linguinal tonsils found?
Under the epiglottis
Where does the laryngopharynx end?
The oesophagus
Where does the larynx start?
Epiglottis
What structures close during swallowing? (inferior and superior)
superior = soft palate inferior = epiglottis
