Upper respiratory system part 2 Flashcards
Name the anatomy surface of he mouth
Philtrum Labial Frenulum (Superior and Inferior)
Philtrum
Depression (valley) between the 2 ridges created by the Depressor Septi
Name the structures of external mouth
Lips-Skin transitions to Mucosa
2 Angles of the Mouth, or Labial Commissures
Labial Tubercle
The mouth begins at the _______ and ends at the _________folds
Lips
Palatoglossal
Name the oral cavity-portion of the mouth
Interior to teeth & gums
Name the Buccal Cavity-portion of the mouth
Exterior to teeth & gums
The mouth consists of two spaces
Oral cavity - space medial to and between the teeth and contains the tongue
Buccal cavity - space between the cheek, teeth, and gums. A muscle, the buccinator, makes up the lateral wall of the buccal cavity
Muscle that form the cheeks
Buccinator Muscle
Cranial nerve that innervates the buccal cavity lateral wall (buccinator muscle)
CN VII facial nerve
The mouth has the _____ and _____ palates for its roof , the ________ as its floor, and subfloor _______muscle
Hard
Soft
tongue
Genioglossus muscle
Name the two muscles attached to the pterygomandibular raphe
Buccinator and superior pharyngeal constrictor
Buccinator origin
pterygomandibular raphe
Underneath the tongue, a ________ fold may be observed on either side of the lingual ______which covers the sublingual glands. The mucous membrane of the tongue contains numerous mucous ______
__________.
sublingual
Frenulum
secretin glands
What structure forms the sublingual folds
Sublingual glands
Small child - usually ____ deciduous teeth (4 incisors, 2 canines, and 4 molars in each jaw)
Adult with all teeth intact ______ permanent teeth (____ incisors, _____ canines, ___ premolars, and ____molars in each jaw)
20
32 (4 incisors/ 2 canines/ 4 premolars/ 6molars
Name the structures of the tongue
Body (Blade) Median Furrow Root or Base (Note: Lingual Tonsils) Foramen Cecum Sulcus Terminalis
Covered by mucosa with mucus secreting glands
The muscle of the tongue
The tongue consists of skeletal muscles that are divided into _______ groups and ________ groups.
extrinsic
intrinsic
The intrinsic muscles of the tongue are called
Longitudinal, transverse, and vertical. Change the shape of the tongue (protrusion, retraction, depression, elevation)
Muscle of the tongue that moves the tongue “Directionally” extrinsic muscle
Genioglossus
Hyoglossus
Styloglossus
Palatoglossus
Which direction Extrinsic muscles of the tongue move
Towards the origin of insertion (AKA genioglossus originate on the mandible when this muscle contract = sticking tongue out
Name the origin and movement of hyoglossus muscle
Origin hyoid bone and inserts into the side of the tongue. Contraction depresses the posterior portion of the tongue
Name the artery supplying the blood of the tongue
Lingual Artery (br. of the external carotid artery)
Motor innervation of the tongue
Hypoglossal N. (CN XII)
Exception: Palatoglossus-Vagus N. (CN X)
Name the nerve responsible for general sensation to the tongue anterior 2/3
CN V (Trigeminal Nerve)
Name the nerve responsible for taste to anterior 2/3 of the tongue
CN VII (Facial Nerve)
Name the nerve responsible for taste & Gen. Sensation to Posterior 1/3- of the tongue
CN IX (Glossopharyngeal Nerve)
The hard Palate consist of ________ _________Processes of the Maxillary Bone
________ __________ Plates of the Palatine Bone
2 palatine
2 horizontal
Nasopalatine Nerve passes through the ______ Fossa
Incisive
_________ _________________ Nerve meets the Nasopalatine Nerve as it passes through the Incisive Fossa
Greater palatine
What happens when the hard palate does not close along the midline?
A cleft palate is an opening or split in the roof of the mouth that occurs when the tissue doesn’t fuse together during development in the womb. A cleft palate often includes a split (cleft) in the upper lip (cleft lip) but can occur without affecting the lip.
The soft Palate skeletal muscles covered by ______
mucosa
Name the five muscles of soft palate
Levator Veli Palatini Tensor Veli Palatini Palatopharyngeus Musculus Uvuli Palatoglossus
The levator veli palatini ____________ and the tensor veli palatini ________ the soft palate. Both actions are vital in helping an individual achieve efficient swallowing
elevates/tenses
Name the three anatomical landmarks associated with it soft palate
- Palatoglossal fold - runs from soft palate to tongue
- Palatopharyngeal fold - runs from soft palate to pharynx
- Uvula - hangs down in the oropharyngeal orifice from the soft palate. The muscle composing this structure is called the musculus uvulae.
Name the soft palate muscles innervation
Vagus Nerve (CN X) Exception: Tensor Veli Palatini- Trigeminal Nerve (CN V)
Name the nerve branches of trigeminal nerve V for general sensation of soft palate
Trigeminal Nerve Branches-Greater Palatine Nerve: General Sensation to the Hard Palate
Lesser Palatine Nerve-General Sensation to the Soft Palate
Name the arteries that supply the hard and soft palate
Greater Palatine Artery-supplies the Hard Palate (Greater Palatine Foramen)
Lesser Palatine Artery-supplies the Soft Palate (Lesser Palatine Foramen)
Name the three pairs of salivary glands
Parotid Glands
Submandibular Glands
Sublingual Glands
Name pathway of the parotid duct
Crosses the Masseter, Pierces the Buccinator, Drains into the Buccal Cavity by the upper 2nd Molar Tooth
__________ ____________ drains into the mouth via the submandibular duct at the sublingual carnuncle. The submandibular gland lies beneath the mylohyoid muscle, but has a posterior portion that folds up and around the free portion of the mylohyoid.
The submandibular gland
The submandibular gland drains into the mouth via the submandibular duct at the sublingual ________
Carnucle
The ________ gland lies beneath the _______ muscle, but has a posterior portion that folds up and around the free portion of the mylohyoid
submandibular
Mylohyoid
Name the termination of submandibular duct
Lingual Frenulum “Note: Sublingual Caruncle:
Name the Pharyngeal Constrictors muscles
1=Superior
2=Middle
3=Inferior
Name the insertion of the pharyngeal constrictor muscles
Insertion-Midline Raphe’ (circular muscles that meet at the midline Raphe’)
which pharyngeal constrictor muscles is the biggest? smallest?
inferior biggest
middle smaller
Name the pharyngeal regions
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
location of nasopharynx
behind the nasal cavities and above the soft palate. Note the pharyngeal tonsils, opening of the auditory tube (eustachian tube), and tubal elevation also called torus tubaris
this structure is 35 mm in length (adults), runs downward and antero-medial, Lateral 1/3-Bone, Medial 2/3-Cartilage, connects the Middle Ear with the Nasopharynx
Auditory (eustachian tube)
locate the pharyngeal Tonsil, when swollen are called Adenoid
Nasopharynx
Name the location of palatine tonsils
between palatopharyngeal fold and palatoglossal folds
where does the oropharynx begin?
at the Uvula
Name the function of the uvula
part of soft palate helps prevents food and liquid from going in nasopharynx . when the levator veli palatini muscle contracts the uvula rise up
behind the larynx and connects the esophagus below (be aware of the piriform recess)
Laryngopharynx
Common site for lodgment of foreign objects (pill stuck in your throat )
Piriform recess
Name the muscles of the pharynx
Primary muscles composing the pharynx are the three pharyngeal constrictors - superior, middle, inferior, with the lower portion of the inferior constrictor being referred to as the cricopharyngeal.
Know that the stylopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus, and palatopharyngeal are also considered when addressing pharyngeal function
Name the nerve innervation of stylopharyngeus muscles
glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX, posterior 1/3 intervention of the tongue
Pharyngeal Muscles are innervated by Cranial Nerve X (Vagus).
Exception: Stylopharyngeus is innervated by Cranial Nerve IX (Glossopharyngeal
cranial nerve X Vagus
Cranial nerve IX glossopharyngeal
Sensory Innervation to the Pharyngeal Mucosa
Nasopharynx_____
Oropharynx: _________
Laryngopharynx: ____________
CN V trigeminal
CN IX glossopharyngeal
CN X vagus
During the act of swallowing, the pharynx is ___________ initially; then the _________ push the bolus down the pharynx into the esophagus
Elevated
Constrictors
Name the tonsillar tissue of Waldeyer’s ring surrounding the entrance to the oropharynx. These are as follows
Lingual tonsils – anterior
Palatine and tubal tonsils - lateral
Pharyngeal tonsil-posterior
structure located behind the pharynx and anterior to esophagus
Retropharyngeal space
