Upper Respiratory system part 1 Flashcards
Name the external features of the nose
Root, free tip, ala, external nares (nostrils), and septum
Comprise the entrance of nose
External nares (nostrils)
Name the cartilage that forms the free tip and external nares of the nose
Greater alar cartilage
Name of the structure that bounds to the Anterior ½ of the external nares: Alae-lateral and Septum-medial
Greater alar cartilage
Found posteriorly ½ of the external nares bounded by ________
Fibrofatty Tissue
External nares (nostrils) comprise the entrance and are separated from each other by
Nasal septum
Quadrangular cartilage Hyaline-cartilage
Anterior septal cartilage
How many parts does the nasal septum has
Four parts
Name the four parts of nasal septum
- Anterior, cartilaginous part
- Posterior and below bony part (vomer)
- Posterior and above bony part (perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone)
- Inferior (anterior and posterior) bony part (anterior and posterior nasal crests of the maxilla and palatine bones, respectively)
Name the cartilages forming the nose
- Lateral cartilage
- greater alar cartilage
- lesser alar cartilage
Name the location of fibrofatty tissue
Inferior aspect (below) Greater and Lesser cartilage
Name the bony framework of the nose (forming the “root” or bridge of the nose)
Two nasal bones
Two frontal processes-maxillary bone
Two nasal processes- frontal bone
Opening to the nasal cavity, formed mostly by the maxilla. The apex is formed by the nasal bones
Nose bony-framework piriform fossa
Name of the muscle that opens the nostrils
Nasalis
Name of muscles that stabilizes the septum
Depressor septi
a small, triangular muscle of the head that occupies the glabella, which is the region located between the eyebrows
Procerus
Dilate the nostrils and elevate the upper lip
Levator labii superioris alaque nasi
Circular muscle that surrounds the orifice of the mouth and forms the majority of the lips
Orbicularis oris
Extends from the external nares anteriorly to the choanae posteriorly. The nasal septum divides the nasal cavity into right and left chambers
Nasal cavity
Compromise the nasal cavity
- vestibule (chamber of the external nose)
- Limen nasi (skin to mucus membrane connection)
- olfactory region (where the olfactory receptors are located)
- respiratory region ((nasal mucosa that warms and humidifies inhaled air)
Chamber of external nose
Vestibule
Just inside the nostril (nose opening) that leads into the nasal cavity
Vestibule
Separate skin from mucosa within the nose (Skin to mucus membrane connection)
Limen nasi
Where olfactory receptors are located
Olfactory region
Nasal mucosa that warms and humidifies inhaled air
Respiratory region
Name of the paired posterior openings that connect the nasal cavity with the nasopharynx
Choanae “back door”
Name the internal structures of nasal cavity
Floor, root, conchae, meati, ethmoid bulla, hiatus semilunar
Name the nasal cavity upper/lower boundaries
Upper (roof) cribriform plate of ethmoid bone
Lower (floor) hard palate (Maxilla-palatine process) and palatine bone-horizontal plate
Formed by palatine processes of maxillary bone and horizontal plates of palatine bone
Floor
Formed by cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone
Roof
Name the 3 parts of nasal cavity- Conchae
- Superior - ethmoid
- Middle - ethmoid
- Inferior-separate bone
Also known as turbinate bones found on the lateral walls of the nasal cavity. These bones are covered by a mucous membrane which warms and humidifies air as it passes through the nasal cavity.
Superior, middle, and inferior (nasolacrimal duct drainage*)
Meati (or passageways)
Recess above the superior conchae
Sphenoethmoidal
What is the pathway for nasolacrimal system
lacrimal gland → lacrimal lake (with caruncle) → upper/lower lacrimal papillae with puncta → lacrimal canaliculi → lacrimal sac → nasolacrimal duct → opening of the nasolacrimal duct into the inferior meatus (see Netter:82).
Name the structures of the lacrimal apparatus
Lacrimal gland, lacrimal Lake, lacrimal caruncle, lacrimal Papillae with the 2 Lacrimal *Puncta, 2 lacrimal canaliculi, lacrimal sac, nasolacrimal duct, inferior meatus
Where is the opening of the nasolacrimal duct?
The inferior meatus below and lateral to the inferior nasal concha
____________Formed by indentations in the maxilla, lacrimal bone and Inf. Nasal concha
Nasolacrimal canal
Bulge lying underneath the middle conchae, caused by the middle ethmoid air cells
Ethmoid bulla
Cleft lying underneath the middle conchae where the maxillary sinus, frontal sinus, and anterior ethmoidal air cells drain
Hiatus semilunaris
Nerves that supply the nasal cavity for the sense of smell
Olfactory nerves
Which nerve supplied by branches is responsible for sensation in nasal cavity
Trigeminal nerve
Primary blood flow to the nasal cavity is via
Posteriorly entering sphenopalatine artery and its posterior septal branch
Branches supplying the nose and superior labial branches supplying the nares
Anterior Ethmoidal branches
Very vascular portion of the nasal cavity and a common site of nosebleeds.
Kiesselbach’s area
Give resonance to the voice and lighten the skull
Paranasal sinuses
Sinus that drains into the middle meatus via the hiatus semilunaris
Maxillary
Sinus that drains into the middle meatus via the hiatus semilunaris
Frontal
Ethmoid or ethmoidal air cells, of which there may be 3-18 cavities
- Anterior - drains into the middle meatus via the hiatus semilunaris
- Middle - drains into the middle meatus at an opening on the summit of the ethmoid bulla
- Posterior - drains into the superior meatus
Sinus that drains into the sphenoethmoidal recess
Sphenoid
Groove that runs from the top of the lip to the nose
Philtrum
Soft tissue that attaches the upper lip to the anterior surface of the maxillary gingiva.
Superior labial frenulum
The connecting tissue between the inside lower lip and gums of the bottom teeth
Lower labial frenulum
Corner of the mouth, where the vermillion border of the superior labium (upper lip) meets that of the inferior labium (lower lip)
Labial commissure
Name the major muscle surrounding the lips
Orbicularis oris
