Upper Respiratory

Question 1

Streptococcal Pharyngitis (Strep Throat)

Answer 1

Path: Streptococcus Pyogenes

Sx: Laryngitis, pharyngitis, difficulty breathing, loss of voice

Question 2

Rheumatic Fever/Glomerulonephritis

Answer 2

Path: Streptococcus Pyogenes

Sx: Heart valve replacement, heart failure/death

Question 3

Scarlet Fever

Answer 3

Path: Streptococcus Pyogenes

Sx: Rash on chest and spreads, strawberry red tongue, skins sloughs off as it heals

Etc: Begins 1-2 days after pharyngitis. Lysogenic phase codes for pyrogenic (pyro = fever, genic = generate) and erythrogenic (erythr/o = red)

Question 4

Main Streptococcal Pyogenes Virulence Factors

Answer 4

M Protein: Interferes with phagocytosis

C5a Peptidase: Breaks down C5a to prevent leukocyte chemotaxis

Question 5

Diptheria (“Leather”)

Answer 5

Path: Corynebacterium Diptheriae (pleomorphic = changes shapes)

Sx: Pseudomembrane = fluid oozing over respiratory mucus thickens and tightly adheres

Virulence: AB toxin

Etc: Most common death of unimmunized children. Elek test. Spreads via respiratory droplets

Question 6

Rhinosinusitis

Answer 6

Path: Streptococcus Pneumonia, Streptococcus Pyogenes, Staphylococcus Aureus, Haemophilus Influenzae, Moraxella Catarrhalis

Sx: Pain and swelling of sinuses, inflamed mucosa

Etc: Common with adults

Question 7

Otitis Media

Answer 7

Path: Streptococcus Pneumonia, Streptococcus Pyogenes, Staphylococcus Aureus, Haemophilus Influenzae, Moraxella Catarrhalis

Sx: Pain in ear due to pressure against eardrum. Relieved pain due to rupture. Impaired speech/hearing development

Etc: Common in kids due to short auditory tubes

Question 8

Common Cold

Answer 8

Path: Enterovirus Family -> Picornaviridae

Sx: Sneezing, rhinorrhea, cough, etc

Etc: Spreads via fomites, hand contact, and aerosols. Rarely through sneezing. Optimal temp = 33 degrees Celsius (LRT too warm). Common in military bases