Digestive System - Bacteria Flashcards
Peptic Ulcer Disease
Path: Helicobacter Pylori
Sx: Ab pain, shock (some perforation), vomit (w/ or w/o blood), chest pain, black tar-like stool, etc
Virulence: Inhibits HCL production and phagocytosis, resulting in urease and increased pH levels.
Etc: Fecal-oral route.
Food Poisoning
Consuming pathogens/toxins
Gastroenteritis = infection of GI tract
Bacterial Intoxication = Toxins from microorganism that causes disease
Define Bacterial Gastroenteritis and list general symptoms in this unit
Inflammation of stomach/intestines due to bacteria.
Sx: Nausea, vomit, diarrhea, no appetite, ab pain, cramps. Can be asymptomatic. Possible anemia or kidney failure. Severe symptoms include dysentery (loose stool with mucus/blood)
Shigellosis
Path: Shigella
Sx: Typical symptoms with fever and ab cramps. Some blood stool
Virulence: Enterotoxins (diarrhea, resulting in dehydration and electrolyte loss). Shiga toxin
Etc: Fecal-oral route. Not common in US
Traveler’s Diarrhea
Path: Enterotoxigenic strains of E. Coli
Sx: Severe bloody diarrhea
Etc: O, H, and K antigens indicates harmful strains
Campylobacter Diarrhea
Path: Campylobacter Jejuni
Sx: GI symptoms. Bleeding lesions in jejunum, ileum, and colon. Gullain-Barre Syndrome, Irritable Bowel Syndrome, and Arthritis are potential long-term effects.
Etc: Most common bacterial gastroenteritis in US. Found in 81% of chickens. Common in fowl, other birds, and water.
Clostridium Difficile Diarrhea
Path: Clostridium Difficile
Sx: Severe diarrhea, water, foul-smelling, intense inflammation. Can elevate to Pseudomembranous Colitis.
Virulence: Toxin A = breaks tight junctions. Toxin B = kills colon cells, leads to lesions
Etc: C. Diff overgrowth can occur due to antimicrobials destroying good bacteria.
Salmonellosis and Typhoid Fever
Path: Salmonella Enterica
Sx of Typhoid Fever: Muscle pain, fever, loss of appetite, ulcers may form.
Sx of Salmonellosis: Fever, ab cramps, diarrhea. Self-limiting within 1 week.
Virulence: Resistant to stomach acid. Type 3 secretions -> toxins that disrupts mitochondria, inhibits phago, rearranges cytoskeletons, and induces apoptosis.
Etc: Typhoid Fever contracted from food/water contaminated with feces that carries S. Enterica Typhi or Paratyphi. Salmonellosis contracted from eating/cooking contaminated eggs.
Cholera
Path: Vibrio Cholerae
Sx: Sudden onset of “Rice-water” diarrhea. Dehydration, ab cramp, nausea, vomiting. Death within hours if no treatment (25-50% mortality rate)
Virulence: Cholera toxin causes loss of water and electrolytes
Etc: Highest incidence rate in Yemen. Vibrio cholerae found in warm salt/freshwater.
Bacterial Intoxication
Definition: Food poisoning caused by toxins. Microbes may not be present.
Sx: Short incubation period (few hours). Nausea, diarrhea, cramp, etc…varies with type and amount of toxin ingested. Self-limiting, lasts no longer than 24 hours.
Botulism (Clostridium Botulinum) can occur: causes irreversible binding of synaptic cleft, not allowing acetylcholine to be released and causing flaccid paralysis.
Bacterial (Staphylococcal) Food Poisoning
Path: Staphylococcus Aureus
Sx: Typical symptoms
Virulence: Heat and salt tolerable.
Etc: Contracted from common foods, such as ice cream, potato salads, custard pastries, and processed meat. Staph Aureus is considered normal microbiota.
