Digestive System - Other Flashcards
Oral Herpes (viral)
Path: HHV-1
Sx: Cold sores extending into oral cavity.
Herpetic Gingivostomatitis
Herpetic Pharyngitis
Herpetic Esophagitis - immunocompromised population
Etc: Latent infection of Trigeminal Nerve ganglion. Spreads easily via open lesions and contaminated fomites
Mumps (viral)
Path: Mumps Virus
Sx: Parotitis (swollen parotid glands), face pain, etc…can be asymptomatic
Etc: Can spread and infect other organs (testes -> sterility, meningitis -> some deafness). Not as common due to MMR vaccine. Contagious via respiratory droplets
Viral Gastroenteritis (viral)
Path: Calicivirus (Norovirus) and Astrovirus via contaminated food/water. Rotavirus via fecal-oral route
Sx: Similar to Bacterial Gastroenteritis but less severe. Extreme loss of fluids is life-threatening.
Etc: Outbreaks higher during winter/close living conditions. Rotaviral more common in infants. Noroviral = 90% non-bacterial GI infections.
Hepatitis (Inflammation of Liver - viral)
Path: Hepatitis A, B, C (most deadly), Delta, and E
Sx: A = fever. B = Vomit, joint pain. C = dark urine. E = vomit and dark urine
Etc: Hep A & E enters through ingestion (fecal-oral). Hep B, C, & Delta enters parenteral route (needles, sex, birth).
Thrush (fungal)
Path: Candida Sp (yeast, member of skin microbiota)
Sx: White patches in mouth. Redness/soreness, cotton-mouth, loss of taste, painful swallowing.
Etc: Infants “Milk Tongue”. Candidiasis can spread to esophagus for HIV/AIDS population. Immunocompromised at risk after antibiotic treatment
Giardiasis (Protozoan flagellate)
Path: Giardia Duodenalis
Sx: Mild/severe diarrhea, malabsorption, ab pain, etc… can be asymptomatic or become chronic.
Etc: Common water-borne GI disease in US. Protozoan
Cryptosporidiosis (protozoan)
Path: Cryptosporidium Sp. (banana shaped)
Sx: Severe watery diarrhea throughout the day for about two weeks. Typical symptoms including life-threatening malabsorption.
Etc: 30% of people carry it asymptomatically; self-limiting, but not for immunocompromised patients. Outbreaks associated with natural waterways and swimming pools as it’s resistant to chlorine.
Amebiasis (Protozoan)
Path: Entamoeba Histolytica
Symptoms in three forms:
Luminal amebiasis = least severe & asymptomatic
Amebic Dysentery = severe diarrhea, colitis, appendicitis, intestinal mucosa ulceration, bloody stool
Invasive Extraintestinal Amebiasis = fatal lesions of dead/dying cells within liver, lungs, spleen, kidneys, or brain
Etc: Fecal-oral route
Taeniasis/Tapeworm Infestation (Helminths)
Path: Taenia Saginata = beef tapeworm. Taenia solium = pork tapeworm
Sx: Usually asymptomatic. Rare cases include nausea, ab pain, weight loss. Long worms can block intestine.
Etc: Tapeworms = cestodes. Flatworms (long, flat, ribbon) = platyhelminths. Humans are primary hosts with pigs as an intermediate host.
Pinworm (Helminth)
Path: Enterobius Vermicularis
Sx: Intense perianal itching. Sleep disturbances, decreased appetite, weight loss. 1/3 of infections are asymptomatic.
Etc: Humans only known host. Sticky tape test as eggs are deposited peri-anally. Scratching can dislodge eggs and contaminate food/drinks.
Sushi-Related Helminths: Anisakidosis (Herring Worm Disease)
Path: Anisakis simplex
Sx: Mostly asymptomatic. Some cases include severe ab pain, nausea, vomiting, potential intestinal hemorrhaging.
Etc: Increasing cases due to increased popularity of raw fish dishes. IgE-medicated allergic reaction can develop. Humans = accidental dead-end hosts
Sushi-Related Helminths: Diphyllobothriasis (Fish Tape Worm Disease)
Path: Diphyllobothrium Sp
Sx: Mostly asymptomatic. Some cases include intestinal obstruction, gallbladder disease due to vitamin B12 deficiency. Damage in intestinal tract due to affected immunomodulators.
Etc: Can grow up to 30 feet long. Fish-borne zoonosis. Freezing can kill pathogen.
