Lower Respiratory Flashcards
Pneumococcal Pneumoniae
Path: Streptococcus Pneumonia
Sx: SOB, vomit, chest pain. Affects 1+ lobe. Rust/pink sputum
Etc: Airborne droplets & autoinoculation. Most common type of bacterial pneumonia (85%) and most common in fall/winter
Primary Atypical Pneumonia
“Mycoplasmal/Walking Pneumonia”
Path: Mycoplasma Pneumoniae (pleomorphic & smallest microbes)
Sx: Early sx not typical of other pneumonia. Last for weeks, not severe. Dry cough, fever, etc
Etc: Spreads via close contact/inhalation. Leading type of pneumonia in high school/college students
Klebsiella Pneumonia
Path: Klebsiella Pneumoniae - opportunistic pathogen
Sx: Thick, bloody sputum with recurrent chills
Etc: Kills alveolar cells. Often permanent lung damage. Common in alcoholics or immunocompromised population. Higher mortality rate compared to pneumoccocal and mycoplasmal pneumonia
Other Bacterial Pneumonia
- Haemophilus Influenzae: Normal respiratory microbiota. Similar to pneumococcal pneumonia. Infants and young children
- Staphylococcus Aureus: Normal respiratory microbiota. Also similar to pneumococcal pneumonia. Young patients w/ respiratory diseases
- Pneumonic Plague: Yersinia Pestis, acquired via blood/respiratory droplets. Bloody sputum and develops quick.
- Chlamydias: Chlamydophila Psittaci causes Parrot Fever. Bird disease transmits to humans. Flu-like symptoms
Legionnaire’s Disease
Path: Legionella Pneumophila
Sx: Similar sx to pneumonia with rapid decline of lung function
Etc: Acquired inhalation/aerosolized water - can tolerate heat and chlorine. Most common in summer/early fall
Tuberculosis
Path: Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Sx: Commonly asymptomatic. Typical symptoms if any presented.
Virulence: Mycolic acid (prevents lysis) and Cord Factor (forms new strands of daughter cells)
Etc: Primary TB = Lower lobes. Granuloma can form if persists for 3 months to contain bacterium. Secondary TB = lobers higher up. Disseminated TB = carried to other organs via blood
Pertussis
Path: Bordatella Pertussis
Sx: Typical symptoms. Can be severe after 1-2 weeks. Cyanosis.
Etc: Shuts down ciliary escalator. Pertussis toxins increases mucus production. Highly contagious via respiratory droplets.
Inhalation Anthrax
Path: Bacillus Anthracis
Sx: Similar to cold/flu. Can progress to severe cough, shock, potential death.
Etc: Doesn’t spread person-to-person. Contract from infected animals through inhalation in dust/animal hides
Influenza
Path: Influenza Virus A and Influenza Virus B
Sx: Sudden high fever, pharyngitis, dry cough, etc
Etc: Pathogen contains antigenic drift resulting in new strains due to different combinations of genetic material.
Coronavirus Respiratory Syndrome
Path: Coronaviruses
Sx: High fever, SOB, diarrhea, 1 week of dry cough/pneumonia
Etc: High number of asymptomatic but infectious cases. Spreads via respiratory droplets and adheres to lung cells and destroy it, causing respiratory syndromes.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
Path: RSV. Triggers syncytia formation.
Sx: Croup (tracheobronchitis), cyanosis, wheezing, etc
Etc: Leading cause of respiratory death in young children. Leading cause of bronchiolitis
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS)
Path: Hantavirus. Disease contracted from inhalation of mouse feces, urine, or saliva containing virus.
Sx: Typical symptoms. GI symptoms seen with muscular aches of back and thighs. Patient can go into shock due to drop in BP and lungs filling with fluids.
Etc: 50% fatality rate due to pneumonia and shock
Coccidioidomycosis
Path: Coccidioides Immites and Coccidioides Posadasii
Sx: Diffuse rash on trunk
Etc: “Valley Fever”
Blastomycosis
Path: Blastomyces Dermatidis
Sx: Painless lesions on face or upper body
Etc: Fungus from mold on dead leaves
Histoplasmosis
Path: Histoplasma Capsulatum
Sx: Usually asymptomatic. Some Type 1 Hypersensitivity in eyes. AIDS patients can develop enlarged spleen/liver.
Etc: “Spelunker’s Disease” (spelunking in caves).
