Upper Respiratory

Question 1

Average number of colds annually for adults and for children

Answer 1

adults 2-4

children 4-12

Question 2

virus causing colds

Answer 2

rhinovirus

Question 3

When are colds most contagious?

Answer 3

1-4 days before symptoms develop and during first 3 days of cold

Question 4

antihistamine cold medicine mechanism of action

Answer 4

block H1 receptors, competing with histamine for binding sites.

Question 5

What happens when Histamine-1 receptors are stimulated?

Answer 5

respiratory extravascular smooth muscle constriction, vasodilation

Question 6

What happens when H2 receptors are stimulated?

Answer 6

gastric acid secretion

Question 7

Diphenhydramine drug type

Answer 7

first generation OTC antihistamine

Question 8

benadryl mechanism of action

Answer 8

competes with histamine for binding at H1 receptors

Question 9

THIS DRUG is an OTC remedy for allergic rhinitis, cold, hives, and prevention of motion sickness

Answer 9

diphenhydramine hydrochloride

Question 10

Should benadryl be used for an acute asthma attack or COPD?

Answer 10

NO

Question 11

Should benadryl be used on neonates or hepatically impaired patients?

Answer 11

no

Question 12

Narrow angle glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy, urinary retention, pregnancy & breastfeeding are CAUTIONS for THIS DRUG

Answer 12

benadryl

Question 13

hypotension, palpitations, and psychosis are adverse reactions for THIS DRUG

Answer 13

benadryl

Question 14

The most common side effects of this drug are dry mouth & fatigue

Answer 14

benadryl

Question 15

What should the nurse assess before benadryl administration?

Answer 15

respiratory status, urinary dysfunction, CBC

Question 16

Can benadryl pass into breast milk?

Answer 16

yes

Question 17

Second gen antihistamines are also known as the __-_____ antihistamines. What are two examples?

Answer 17

non-sedating.

loratadine, fexofenadine

Question 18

Nasal decongestant drugs stimulate the _____ adrenergic receptors, producing vascular constriction in the nasal mucosa

Answer 18

adrenergic

Question 19

OVERUSE of nasal decongestants can produce

Answer 19

rebound bronchial constriction and congestion

Question 20

two examples of systemic decongestants (alpha-adrenergic antagonists) are…

Answer 20

pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine

Question 21

What is the main disadvantage of systemic decongestants?

Answer 21

systemic effects are seen in multiple body systems wherever alpha-adrenergic responses are present

Question 22

THESE DRUGS should be used with CAUTION in patients with hypertension, hyperthyroidism, and diabetes.

Answer 22

systemic decongestants

Question 23

THIS DRUG TYPE has an anti-inflammatory action, decreasing the allergic symptoms of rhinorrhea, sneezing, and congestion

Answer 23

intranasal glucocorticoids

Question 24

Should intranasal glucocorticoids be used for longer than 30 days?

Answer 24

no

Question 25

Do intranasal glucocorticoids cause systemic effects?

Answer 25

rarely, with dexamethasone

Question 26

What are three examples of intranasal glucocorticoids

Answer 26

flunisolide,
budenoside
beclomethasone

Question 27

THIS DRUG TYPE acts on the cough-control center of the medulla to suppress the cough reflex

Answer 27

antitussives

Question 28

Can antitussives be used for NONproductive cough?

Answer 28

YES

Question 29

What are the three types of anti-tussives?

Answer 29

Narcotic
non-narcotic
combination

Question 30

What is one example of an antitussive that is structurally related to opioids but not an opiate?

Answer 30

dextromethorphan hydrobromide

Question 31

Psychosis, tachycardia, seizures, respiratory depression, and serotonin syndrome are adverse reactions to THIS DRUG

Answer 31

dextromethorphan

Question 32

What type of cough can be treated with dextromethorphan?

Answer 32

non-productive

Question 33

The most common expectorant used in OTC cough medications is…

Answer 33

guaifenesin

Question 34

_______ is the best natural expectorant

Answer 34

hydration