Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharm > GI Tract Disorders > Flashcards

GI Tract Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Cerebral vomiting center

A

THE VOMITING CENTER and Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone, in medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Vestibular center in the ear is stimulated by the neurotransmitter _____

A

dopamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Nonpharm methods to alleviate vomiting

A

weak tea, flat soda, gelatin, gatorade, pedialyte, crackers, dry toast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

NONprescription anti-emetics prevent motion sickness by inhibiting…

A

vestibular stiumlation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

These ANTIHISTAMINE ANTI-EMETICS – cyclizine hydrochloride, dimenhydrinate, meclizine hydrochloride, and diphenhydramine hydrochloride, and bismuth subsalicylate – are examples of WHAT? What is their mechanism of action

A

OTC anti-emetics.

Act directly on gastric mucosa to suppress vomiting.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

THIS prescription transdermal patch is an anticholinergic used for motion sickness.

A

SCOPOLAMINE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

THIS prescription antihistamine is used for post-operative nausea & vomiting,vertigo, and anxiety

“Roxy Z. needs it after surgery”

A

HYDROXYZINE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

THIS PhenothiAZINE anti-emetic is one of the dopamine antagonists. It acts by blocking H1 receptor sites and inhibiting the CTZ. It is used to treat and prevent motion sickness or to induce sedation.

It is “Pro-motion”

A

PROMETHAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Promethazine Hydrochloride should be avoided in patients with …

A

glaucoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A rare adverse reaction of promethazine hydrochloride is …

A

EPS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Side effects of THIS drug include: urinary retention, injection site reaction, incoordination, slate gray skin hyperpigmentation, restlessness, erectile/ejaculation dysfunction

A

PROMETHAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a risk with promethazine therapy?

A

dehydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

phenothiazine anti-emetics are effective in treating nausea related to…

A

chemotherapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which benzodiazepine is the drug of choice used to indirectly control N&V

A

Lorazepam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

This TYPE of anti-emetic suppresses nausea and vomiting by blocking the serotonin 5-HT3 receptors in the CTZ and in the afferent vagal nerve terminals in the upper GI tract

A

Serotonin Receptor Antagonists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

This TYPE of anti-emetic does NOT cause EPS symptoms because it does not block dopamine receptors

A

Serotonin Receptor Antagonists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Serotonin Receptor Antagonists are often given in combination with other anti-emetics to manage…

A

chemotherapy N&V

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

ONDANSETRON is which category of anti-emetic?

A

Serotonin Receptor Antagonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Is Ondansetron recommended in pregnancy?

A

nop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is a common side effect of Ondansetron?

A

significant constipation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are TWO GLUCOCORTICOIDS used to suppress emesis when administered with anti-cancer medications

A

DEXAMETHASONE and METHYLPREDNISOLONE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

DRONABINOL is an example of which anti-emetic drug category

A

CANNABINOIDS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

THIS DRUG Is a miscellaneous anti-emetic that blocks DOPAMINE receptors in the CTZ. For this reason, it has a higher prevalence of EPS, esp. in children.

A

METOCLOPRAMIDE (Reglan)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

DIPHENOXYLATE with ATROPINE is in which CATEGORY of anti-diarrheals?

A

Opiate anti-diarrheals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

This combo drug inhibits gastric motility by acting on the smooth muscle of the GI tract to slow peristalsis.

A

Dephenoxylate-Atropine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

This anti-diarrheal is contraindicated if diarrhea is severe due to pseudomembranous colitis, and with obstructive jaundice, glaucoma, and in children under 2.

A

diphenoxylate-atropine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Ileus, toxic megacolon, and respiratory depression are serious adverse reactions of WHICH anti-diarrheal?

A

diphenoxylate-atropine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

WHICH anti-diarrheal category includes BISMUTH SUBSALICYLATE?

A

adsorbents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Which adsorbent medication commonly turns stools a dark brown to black color?

A

bismuth subsalicylate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Because bismuth subsalicylate contains salicylate, what is a contraindication?

A

risk for bleeding

31
Q

What are non-pharm measures for constipation?

A

high fiber, fluid, exercise, routine

32
Q

Laxatives should be avoided if there is any concern for…

A

intestinal obstruction

33
Q

WHICH lab should be monitored with osmotic laxative use?

A

serum electrolytes

34
Q

LACTULOSE is an example of which drug type?

A

Osmotic (saline) laxative

35
Q

THIS osmotic laxative works by drawing water into the intestine to form soft stool

A

LACTULOSe

36
Q

THIS osmotic laxative decreases serum ammonia levels and is useful in management of liver diseases

A

LACTULOSE

37
Q

Adequate renal function is required in order to be able to excrete magnesium if WHICH DRUG TYPE is to be used?

A

saline laxatives, which often contain magnesium salts

38
Q

What is an electrolyte disturbance that may occur with LACTULOSE use?

A

hypermagnesemia

39
Q

These are symptoms of WHICH electrolyte disturbance that may result from LACTULOSE use?: weakness, drowsiness, paralysis, heart block, hypotension, flushing, respiratory depression

A

HYPERmagnesemia

40
Q

BISACODYL is what TYPE of drug?

A

Stimulant (contact) laxative

41
Q

This drug increases peristalsis by direct effect on the smooth muscle of the intestine

A

BISACODYL

42
Q

This stimulant contact laxative is used for bowel preparation, and prevention and short-term treatment for constipation, but it is also frequently abused.

A

BISACODYL

43
Q

Fecal impaction and intestinal or biliary obstruction are contraindications for WHICH stimulant laxative?

A

BISACODYL

44
Q

Adverse Reactions to Bisacodyl, a stimulant laxative, are…

A

dependence and hypokalemia

45
Q

Patient labs with BISACODYL would focus on WHAT?

A

electrolytes

46
Q

True/False Bisacodyl should NOT be taken within 1 hour of any other medications

A

TRUE

47
Q

Bulk-forming laxatives typically produce a bowel movement in…

A

8-24 hours, but can take up to 3 days

48
Q

Failure to consume a full glass of water after bulk-forming laxatives will cause WHAT adverse outcome?

A

the drug will solidify in the GI tract, causing obstruction

49
Q

Do bulk forming laxatives cause dependence?

A

NO

50
Q

What is the mechanism of action of PSYLLIUM?

A

acts as a bulk-forming laxative, drawing water into the intestine

51
Q

What are some patient education points with Psyllium?

A

increase water intake, increase fiber intake, do not overuse, drink immediately and follow with additional glass of water

52
Q

THIS DRUG TYPE lowers surface tension of water in the intestine, promoting water accumulation in the intestine and stool

A

EMOLLIENT STOOL SOFTENERS

53
Q

THESE DRUGS are prescribed frequently after myocardial infarction and surgery to help the patient avoid straining.

A

EMOLLIENT STOOL SOFTENER

54
Q

THIS emollient stool softener increases water retention in the stool and also absorbs essential fat-soluble vitamins, A, D, E, & K

A

mineral oil

55
Q

THIS DRUG is not indicated for children or older adults or those with debilitating disease due to risk of aspiration resulting in LIPID PNEUMONIA

A

MINERAL OIL

56
Q

This stool softener can cause mild cramping and is commonly prescribed in the acute care setting.

A

DOCUSATE (Colace)

57
Q

This STOOL SOFTENER works by promoting water accumulation in the intestine and stool

A

DOCUSATE

58
Q

Bismuth Subsalicylate drug type

A

antihistamine antiemetic, adsorbent antidiarrheal, antacid

59
Q

scopolamine drug type

A

anticholinergic antiemetic

60
Q

hydroxyzine drug type

A

antihistamine antiemetic

61
Q

promethazine hydrochloride drug type

A

dopamine antagonist, antihistamine, phenothiazine antiemetic

62
Q

benzodiazepine for antiemetic effect

A

lorazepam

63
Q

ondansetron drug type

A

serotonin 5ht3 receptor antagonist, antiemetic

64
Q

dexamethasone for antiemetic, drug type

A

glucocorticoid

65
Q

methylprednisolone for antiemetic, drug type

A

glucocorticoid

66
Q

dronabinol drug type

A

cannabinoid

67
Q

metoclopramide drug type

A

misc. antiemetic

68
Q

activated charcoal

A

adsorbent antidote

69
Q

diphenoxylate-atropine drug type

A

opiate-anticholinergic aantidiarrheal combo

70
Q

lactulose drug type

A

saline osmotic laxative

71
Q

bisacodyl drug type

A

stimulant laxative

72
Q

mineral oil drug type for constipation

A

emollient stool softener

73
Q

docusate drug type

A

stool softener

Pharm (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions