Upper limb wet room Flashcards
what muscles form the borders of the axilla?
anterior - pectorals major and minor
posterior - subscapsularis
medial - serrates anterior and thoracic wall
lateral - interlobular sulcus of humerus
when does the subclavian artery become the axillary artery?
lateral border of the 1st rib
when does the axillary artery become the brachial artery?
inferior border of the teres major
if there is severe bleeding from the upper limb, compression of which artery is necessary?
axillary
what is erb’s point and what clinical significance does this have?
its where C5 and C6 emerge
damage at this point results in paralysis of C5 and C6 characterised by medially rotated am, pronated forearm and waiter tip flexion of the wrist
what segmental roots of the brachial plexus contribute to the upper trunk and the lower trunk ?
upper C5 and C6
lower C8 and T1
what type of palsy would arise from injury to the lower trunk of the brachial plexus? what muscles are affected?
klumpke’s palsy
intrinsic muscles of hand and ulnar flexors of the wrist and fingers
what are the branches of the lateral cord?
musculocutaneous nerve
lateral cord of median nerve
what are the branches of the median cord?
ulnar nerve
medial cord of median nerve
what are the branches of the posterior cord?
radial nerve
axillary nerve
what are the different parts of the scapula?
spine supraspinous fossa infraspinous fossa acromion glenoid fossa coracoid superior and inferior angle medial and lateral borders
what type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?
synovial plane
what type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?
synovial saddle
what are the parts of the clavicle?
sternal facet
acromial facet
conoid tubercle
impression fo subclavian vein
what part of the clavicle is the weakest and so is the most common site of fracture?
junction of 2 curvatures at the conoid tubercle (when it goes from biconvex to biconcave)
what muscles elevate the scapula?
elevator scapulae
trapezius (upper fibres)
what muscles depress the scapula?
trapezius (lower fibres)
pectoralis minor
serrates anterior
what muscles protract the scapula?
serrates anterior
pectoralis minor
what muscles retract the scapula?
trapezius (middle fibres)
rhomboids (major and minor)
latissimus dorsi
what bursa communicated with the joint cavity?
subscapular
what tendon is in contact with the subachromial bursa?
supraspinatous
what is the role of the subachromial bursa?
supports deltoid and supraspinatous tendon
what common sporting injury damages the subachromial bursa?
subacromial impingement - painful arc syndrome
what are the rotator cuff muscles/
subscapsularis
supraspinatous
infraspinatous
teres minor
what movements does the anterior, middle and posterior fibres of the deltoid carry out?
anterior medially rotates and flexes the shoulder joint
middle abducts the shoulder joint
posterior laterally rotates and extends the shoulder joint
what is the nerve supply of the deltoid?
axillary nerve c5, c6
what common injury is the axillary nerve often trapped and therefore damaged?
shoulder dislocation
what is the action of the pectorals major muscle on the shoulder joint?
adducts and medially rotates the humerus at the glenohumeral joint
what is the nerve supply of the serrates anterior and what clinical sign is seen when this is injured?
C5,C6,C7
winged scapula
what are the actions of the latissimus dorsi on the shoulder joint?
extends, adducts and medially rotates shoulder joint
what is the action of the supraspinatous muscle?
abducts the shoulder
what is the action of the infraspinatous muscle?
external rotation
what is the action of the subscapularis muscle?
adduction and internal (medial) rotation
what muscles medially rotate the scapula?
pectoralis minor
rhomboids
levator scpaulae
what muscles laterally rotate the scapula?
trapezius (upper and lower fibres)
serrates anterior
what are the actions of the serrates anterior on the scapula and what is its nerve supply?
long thoracic nerve
depresses
protracts
laterally rotates
what are the actions of the rhomboids on the scapula?
elevates
retracts
medially rotates
what are the actions of the levator scapulae on the scapula?
elevates
medially rotates
what are the actions of teres major and minor on the shoulder joint?
both:
- adduct
teres major; extends internally rotates
teres minor; externally rotates
