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MSK anatomy > Upper limb wet room > Flashcards

Upper limb wet room Flashcards

1
Q

what muscles form the borders of the axilla?

A

anterior - pectorals major and minor
posterior - subscapsularis
medial - serrates anterior and thoracic wall
lateral - interlobular sulcus of humerus

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2
Q

when does the subclavian artery become the axillary artery?

A

lateral border of the 1st rib

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3
Q

when does the axillary artery become the brachial artery?

A

inferior border of the teres major

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4
Q

if there is severe bleeding from the upper limb, compression of which artery is necessary?

A

axillary

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5
Q

what is erb’s point and what clinical significance does this have?

A

its where C5 and C6 emerge
damage at this point results in paralysis of C5 and C6 characterised by medially rotated am, pronated forearm and waiter tip flexion of the wrist

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6
Q

what segmental roots of the brachial plexus contribute to the upper trunk and the lower trunk ?

A

upper C5 and C6

lower C8 and T1

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7
Q

what type of palsy would arise from injury to the lower trunk of the brachial plexus? what muscles are affected?

A

klumpke’s palsy

intrinsic muscles of hand and ulnar flexors of the wrist and fingers

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8
Q

what are the branches of the lateral cord?

A

musculocutaneous nerve

lateral cord of median nerve

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9
Q

what are the branches of the median cord?

A

ulnar nerve

medial cord of median nerve

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10
Q

what are the branches of the posterior cord?

A

radial nerve

axillary nerve

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11
Q

what are the different parts of the scapula?

A 
spine
supraspinous fossa 
infraspinous fossa
acromion
glenoid fossa
coracoid 
superior and inferior angle 
medial and lateral borders
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12
Q

what type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?

A

synovial plane

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13
Q

what type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?

A

synovial saddle

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14
Q

what are the parts of the clavicle?

A

sternal facet
acromial facet
conoid tubercle
impression fo subclavian vein

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15
Q

what part of the clavicle is the weakest and so is the most common site of fracture?

A

junction of 2 curvatures at the conoid tubercle (when it goes from biconvex to biconcave)

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16
Q

what muscles elevate the scapula?

A

elevator scapulae

trapezius (upper fibres)

17
Q

what muscles depress the scapula?

A

trapezius (lower fibres)
pectoralis minor
serrates anterior

18
Q

what muscles protract the scapula?

A

serrates anterior

pectoralis minor

19
Q

what muscles retract the scapula?

A

trapezius (middle fibres)
rhomboids (major and minor)
latissimus dorsi

20
Q

what bursa communicated with the joint cavity?

A

subscapular

21
Q

what tendon is in contact with the subachromial bursa?

A

supraspinatous

22
Q

what is the role of the subachromial bursa?

A

supports deltoid and supraspinatous tendon

23
Q

what common sporting injury damages the subachromial bursa?

A

subacromial impingement - painful arc syndrome

24
Q

what are the rotator cuff muscles/

A

subscapsularis
supraspinatous
infraspinatous
teres minor

25
Q

what movements does the anterior, middle and posterior fibres of the deltoid carry out?

A

anterior medially rotates and flexes the shoulder joint
middle abducts the shoulder joint
posterior laterally rotates and extends the shoulder joint

26
Q

what is the nerve supply of the deltoid?

A

axillary nerve c5, c6

27
Q

what common injury is the axillary nerve often trapped and therefore damaged?

A

shoulder dislocation

28
Q

what is the action of the pectorals major muscle on the shoulder joint?

A

adducts and medially rotates the humerus at the glenohumeral joint

29
Q

what is the nerve supply of the serrates anterior and what clinical sign is seen when this is injured?

A

C5,C6,C7

winged scapula

30
Q

what are the actions of the latissimus dorsi on the shoulder joint?

A

extends, adducts and medially rotates shoulder joint

31
Q

what is the action of the supraspinatous muscle?

A

abducts the shoulder

32
Q

what is the action of the infraspinatous muscle?

A

external rotation

33
Q

what is the action of the subscapularis muscle?

A

adduction and internal (medial) rotation

34
Q

what muscles medially rotate the scapula?

A

pectoralis minor
rhomboids
levator scpaulae

35
Q

what muscles laterally rotate the scapula?

A

trapezius (upper and lower fibres)

serrates anterior

36
Q

what are the actions of the serrates anterior on the scapula and what is its nerve supply?

A

long thoracic nerve
depresses
protracts
laterally rotates

37
Q

what are the actions of the rhomboids on the scapula?

A

elevates
retracts
medially rotates

38
Q

what are the actions of the levator scapulae on the scapula?

A

elevates

medially rotates

39
Q

what are the actions of teres major and minor on the shoulder joint?

A

both:
- adduct

teres major; extends internally rotates
teres minor; externally rotates

MSK anatomy (7 decks)

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