Upper limb pathologies

Question 1

Transfer of disease or cancerous lesions from one organ or par that may not be directly connected. All malignant tumors have the ability to metastasize, or transfer malignant cells from one body part to another, through the bloodstream or lymphatic vessels or by direct extension

Answer 1

Bone metastases

Question 2

what are the most common of malignant bone tumors

Answer 2

metastases

Question 3

inflammation of the bursae or fluid filled sacs that enclose the joints generally involves the formation of calcification in associated tendons which causes pain and limited joint movement

Answer 3

Bursitis

Question 4

common painful disorder of the wrist and hand that results from compression of the median nerve as it passes through the center of the wrist most commonly found in middle aged women

Answer 4

carpal tunnel syndrome

Question 5

break in the structure of bone caused by a force

Answer 5

fracture

Question 6

fracture and dislocation of the posterior lip of the distal radius involving the wrist joint

Answer 6

Barton’s fx

Question 7

Fracture of the base of the first metacarpal born, extending into the carpometacarpal joint, complicated by subluxation with some posterior displacement

Answer 7

Bennett’s fx

Question 8

Transverse fx. that extends through the metacarpal neck; most commonly seen in the fifth metacarpal

Answer 8

Boxer’s fx.

Question 9

Transverse fx. of the distal radius in which the distal fragment is displaced posteriorly; an associated ulnar styloid fx. seen in 50-60% in cases

Answer 9

Colles fx.

Question 10

reverse of Colles’ fx. or transverse fx. of the distal radius with the distal fragment displaced anteriorly

Answer 10

Smith’s fx.

Question 11

Accumulated fluid in the joint cavity. It is a sign of an underlying condition such as fx. dislocation, soft tissue damage or inflammation

Answer 11

Joint effusion

Question 12

A noninflammatory joint disease characterized by gradual deterioration of the articular cartilage with hypertrophic bone formation. This is the most common type of arthritis and is considered a normal part of the aging process.

Answer 12

Osteoarthritis

Question 13

Osteoarthritis is also known as

Answer 13

Degenerative joint disease

Question 14

This is the most common of the primary cancerous bone tumors and generally affects persons between the ages of 40-70

Answer 14

Multiple myeloma

Question 15

what has a typical radiographic appearance includes multiple “punched out” osteolytic lesions scattered throughout the affected bones

Answer 15

Multiple myeloma

Question 16

The second most common type of primary cancerous bone tumor, this generally affects persons aged 10-20 years but can occur at any age. It may develop in older persons with Paget’s disease

Answer 16

Osteogenic sarcoma (osteosarcoma)

Question 17

A common primary malignant bone tumor in children and young adults. It arises from bone marrow.

Answer 17

Ewing’s sarcoma

Question 18

what has an “onion peel” appearance on radiographs

Answer 18

Ewing’s sarcoma

Question 19

A slow growing malignant tumor of the cartilage. Appearance is similar to that of other malignant tumors but dense calcifications are often seen w/in the cartilaginous mass

Answer 19

Chondrosarcoma

Question 20

slow growing benign cartilaginous tumor most often found in small bones of the hands and feet of adolescents and young adults.

Answer 20

Enchondroma

Question 21

What appears well defined, radiolucent appearing tumors with a thin cortex that often lead to pathologic fx. w/ only minimal trauma.

Answer 21

Enchondroma

Question 22

The most common type of benign bone tumor, usually occurring in persons aged 10-20 years. They arise from the outer cortex with the tumor growing parallel to the bone, pointing away from the adjacent joint.

Answer 22

Osteochondroma

Question 23

Local or generalized infection of bone or bone marrow that may be caused by bacteria introduced by trauma or surgery. However, it is more commonly the result of an infection from a contiguous source, such as a diabetic foot ulcer.

Answer 23

Osteomyelitis

Question 24

Hereditary disease marked by abnormally dense bone. It commonly occurs as a result of fracture of affected bone and may lead to obliteration of the marrow space.

Answer 24

Osteopetrosis

Question 25

what is also known as marble bone

Answer 25

Osteopetrosis

Question 26

Reduction in the quantity of bone or atrophy of skeletal tissue.It occurs in postmenopausal women and elderly men, resulting in trabeculae that are scanty and thin.

Answer 26

Osteoperosis

Question 27

One of the more common chronic skeletal diseases, a destructive bone disease followed by a reparative process of overproduction of very dense yet soft bones that tend to fracture easily. Most common in men over the age of 40

Answer 27

Paget’s disease

Question 28

Chronic systemic disease with inflammatory changes throughout the body’s connective tissues, the earliest change being soft tissue swelling that is most prevalent around the ulnar styloid of the wrist. Early bone erosions typically occur first at the second and third MCP joints or the third PIP joint

Answer 28

Rheumatoid arthritis

Question 29

what is three times more common in women than in men

Answer 29

Rheumatoid arthritis

Question 30

Sprain or tear of the ulnar collateral ligament of the thumb, near the MCP joint of the hyperextended thumb.

Answer 30

Skier’s thumb

Question 31

What may result from an injury such as falling on an outstretched arm and hand, which causes the thumb to be bent back toward the arm

Answer 31

Skier’s thumb

Question 32

What are most often benign, but may be malignant.

Answer 32

Tumors