Lower limb pathologies

Question 1

Benign, neoplastic bone lesions filled with clear fluid that most often occur near the knee joint in children and adolescents

Answer 1

Bone cysts

Question 2

lucent areas with a thin cortex and sharp boundaries

Answer 2

Bone cycts

Question 3

Involves a softening of the cartilage under the patella, which results in wearing away of this cartilage, causing pain and tenderness in this area.

Answer 3

Chondromalacia patellae

Question 4

Chondromalacia patellae is also known as

Answer 4

runner’s knee

Question 5

WHo are more susceptible to Chondromalacia patellae

Answer 5

cyclists and runners

Question 6

Malignant tumors of the cartilage that usually occur in the pelvis and long bones of men older than 45 years

Answer 6

Chondrosarcomas

Question 7

Slow growing benign cartilaginous tumor that most often is found in small bones of the hands and feet in adolescents and young adults. Generally these are well defined radiolucent appearing tumors with a thin cortex and they often lead to pathologic fracture with only minimal trauma

Answer 7

Enchondroma

Question 8

primary malignant bone tumor that arises from bone marrow in children and young adults. Symptoms are similar to those of osteomyelitis. Most generally occurs in the diaphysis of long bones.

Answer 8

Ewing’s sarcoma

Question 9

A benign, neoplastic bone lesion that is caused by consolidated overproduction of bone at a joint. The tumor grows parallel to the bone and away from the adjacent joint. Tumor growth stops as soon as epiphyseal plates close

Answer 9

Exostosis (osteochondroma)

Question 10

Breaks in the structure of bone caused by a force (direct/indirect). Several types of fracture may occur and these are named according to extent of fracture, direction of fx. lines, alignment of bone fragments and integrity of overlying skin

Answer 10

Fractures

Question 11

Form of arthritis that may be hereditary in which uric acid appears in excessive quantities in the blood and may be deposited in the joints and other tissues; common initial attacks occur in the first MTP joint of the foot.

Answer 11

Gout

Question 12

Most cases occur in men and first attacks rarely occur before the age of 30

Answer 12

Gout

Question 13

accumulated fluid in the joint cavity. These are signs of an underlying condition (fx., dislocation, soft tissue damage)

Answer 13

Joint effusions

Question 14

abnormal separation between the first and second metatarsals. A small avulsion fx. may indicate a more severe injury

Answer 14

Lisfranc Joint injury

Question 15

What views are used to demonstrate Lisfranc joint injury

Answer 15

weight bearing AP & lateral foot projections

Question 16

Most common type of primary cancerous bone tumor. Generally these tumors affect persons between the ages of 40-70 years. Occurs in various parts of the body. Highly malignant and usually are fatal within a few years.

Answer 16

Multiple myeloma

Question 17

Punched out osteolytic lesions scattered throughout the affected bones

Answer 17

Multiple myeloma

Question 18

inflammation of the bone and cartilage of the anterior proximal tibia, most common in boys ages 10-15. The cause is believed to be an injury that occurs when the large patellar tendon detaches part of the tibial tuberosity to which it is attached

Answer 18

Osgood-Schlatter disease

Question 19

Noninflammatory joint disease thats characterized by gradual deterioration of the articular cartilage with hyper trophic bone formation.

Answer 19

Osteoarthritis

Question 20

Most common type of arthritis and is considered part of the normal aging process

Answer 20

Osteoarthritis

Question 21

Osteoarthritis is also called

Answer 21

degenerative joint disease

Question 22

Benign lesions that typically occur in the long bones of young adults; they usually occur in the proximal tibia or distal femur after epiphyseal closure

Answer 22

Osteoclastoma (giant cell tumors)

Question 23

what appears on radiographs as large “bubbles” separated by thin stripes of bone

Answer 23

Osteoclastoma (giant cell tumors)

Question 24

Highly malignant primary bone tumors that occur from childhood to young adulthood (peak age, 20 years). The neoplasm usually is seen in long bones and may cause gross destruction of bone

Answer 24

Osteogenic sarcomas (osteosarcomas)

Question 25

Benign bone lesions usually occur in teenagers or young adults. Symptoms include localized pain that typically worsens at night but is relieved by over-the-counter anti-inflammatory or pain medications. The tibia and the femur are the most like locations of these lesions

Answer 25

Osteoid osteomas

Question 26

This disease is caused by lack of bone mineralization caused by a deficiency of calcium, phosphorus, and/or vitamin D in the diet or an inability to absorb these minerals. Because of the softness of the bones, bowing defects in weight-bearing parts often result.

Answer 26

Osteomalacia (rickets)

Question 27

Osteomalacia (rickets) means

Answer 27

bone softening

Question 28

Osteomalacia is also referred to

Answer 28

rickets

Question 29

one of the most common diseases of the skeleton. Most common in midlife and is twice as common in men as in women. IT is a non-neoplastic bone disease that disrupts new bone growth, resulting in overproduction of very dense yet soft bone

Answer 29

Paget’s disease (osteitis deformans)

Question 30

has a cotton wool appearance

Answer 30

Paget’s

Question 31

Affects the sacroiliac joints and lower limbs of young men; the radiographic hallmark is a specific area of bony erosion at the Achilles tendon insertion on the posterosuperior margin of the calcaneus

Answer 31

Reiter syndrome

Question 32

This syndrome is caused by a previous infection of the GI tract, such as salmonella, or a sexually transmitted infection

Answer 32

Reiter syndrome