Abdominal pathologies

Question 1

an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity of the abdomen.

Answer 1

ascites

+

Question 2

what is usually caused by longstanding (chronic) conditions such as cirrhosis of the liver or by metastatic disease to the peritoneal cavity

Answer 2

ascites

Question 3

refers to free air or gas in the peritoneal cavity

Answer 3

Pneumoperitoneum -

Question 4

what is caused by perforation of a gas-containing viscus, such as by a gastric or duodenal ulcer. It also can be caused by trauma that penetrates the abdominal wall.

Answer 4

Pneumoperitoneum

Question 5

Pneumoperitoneum is best demonstrated by what position

Answer 5

horizontal beam erect abdomen or chest radiograph

Question 6

is the complete or nearly complete blockage of the flow of intestinal contents.

Answer 6

Dynamic or mechanical bowel obstruction

Question 7

Dynamic or mechanical bowel obstruction causes what

Answer 7

Fibrous adhesions
Crohn's disease
Intussusception
Volvulus
Ileus-nonmechanical bowel obstruction
Ulcerative colitis

Question 8

the most common cause of mechanically based obstruction, in which a fibrous band of tissue interrelates with the intestine, creating blockage

Answer 8

Fibrous adhesions (- or –)

Question 9

a chronic inflammation of the intestinal wall that results in bowel obstruction in at least half of those afflicted.

Answer 9

Crohn’s (- or –)

Question 10

is most common in young adults and is characterized by loops of small bowel joined by fistulas or connected openings with adjacent loops of intestine

Answer 10

Crohn’s

Question 11

the telescoping of a section of bowel into another loop, which creates an obstruction.

Answer 11

Intussusception (-)

Question 12

most common in the distal small bowel region (ilius) & it is more common in children than in adults

Answer 12

Intussusception

Question 13

Intussusception requires treatment w/in 48 hrs to proven

Answer 13

necrosis (tissue death)

Question 14

the twisting of a loop of intestine, which creates an obstruction and may require surgery for correction

Answer 14

volvulus (-)

Question 15

frequently is caused by peritonitis or paralytic ileum, which is caused by a lack of intestinal motility.

Answer 15

ileus-nonmechanical bowel obstruction

-

Question 16

Ileus-nonmechanical bowel obstruction is classified as

Answer 16

Adynamic ileus

Question 17

usually occurs in postoperative patients, usually 24-72 hrs. after abdominal surgery

Answer 17

Ileus-nonmechanical bowel obstruction

Question 18

a chronic disease involving inflammation of the colon that occurs primarily in young adults and most frequently involves the rectosigmoid region

Answer 18

Ulcerative colitis (-)

Question 19

general abdominal haziness

Answer 19

Ascites

Question 20

thin, crest shaped radiolucency under dome of right hemidiaphragm on erect

Answer 20

Pneumoperitoneum

Question 21

distended loops of air-filled small bowel

Answer 21

fibrous adhesions & Crohns

Question 22

air filled coiled spring appearance

Answer 22

Intussusception

Question 23

large amounts of air in sigmoid with tapered narrowing

Answer 23

volvulus

Question 24

large amounts of air in entire dilated small and large bowel with air-fluid levels visualized

Answer 24

ileus-nonmechanical obstruction

Question 25

deep air filled mucosal protrusions of colon wall usually in rectosigmoid region

Answer 25

ulcerative colitis