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BM1041 > Upper Limb Muscles > Flashcards

Upper Limb Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Facial Expression Muscles

A

Innervation - Facial Nerve (CN VII)

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2
Q

Mastication Muscles

A
  • Temporalis
  • Masseter
  • Medial pterygoid
  • Lateral pterygoid
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3
Q

Temporalis

A

Actions:
* Elevates mandible
* Retracts mandible
Origin - temporal fossa and temporal fascia
Insertion - coronoid process and ramus of mandible
Innervation - Mandibular nerve (CN V3)

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4
Q

Masseter

A

Action - elevates mandible
Origin - zygomatic arch
Insertion - angle of ramus of mandible
Innervation - Mandibular nerve (CN V3)

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5
Q

Medial Pterygoid

A

Actions:
* Elevates mandible
* Protracts side of mandible
* Side to side movement (contralateral/opposite excursion)
Origin - superficial head: tuberosity of maxilla and pyramidal process of palatine bone, deep head: medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate and pyramidal process of palatine bone
Insertion – medial surface of mandible
Innervation - Mandibular nerve (CN V3)

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6
Q

Lateral Pterygoid

A

Actions:
* Protracts mandible
* Side to side movement (contralateral/opposite excursion)
Origin - roof of infratemporal fossa and lateral surface of pterygoid process
Insertion – capsule of TMJ and pterygoid fossa of mandible
Innervation - Mandibular nerve (CN V3)

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7
Q

Deep Neck Flexor Muscles

A
  • Rectus capitis anterior
  • Rectus capitis lateralis
  • Longus capitis
  • Longus colli
    Action - flexes head and neck
    Innervation - Anterior rami of spinal nerves
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8
Q

Anterior Neck Triangle

A

Borders:
* Superior – inferior angle of mandible
* Lateral – anterior border of sternocleidomastoid
* Medial – midline of neck
Muscles:
* Suprahyoids
* Infrahyoids

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9
Q

Posterior Neck Triangle

A

Borders:
* Anterior – posterior border of sternocleidomastoid
* Posterior – anterior border of trapezius muscles
* Inferior – middle third of clavicle
Muscles:
* Sternocleidomastoid
* Splenius capitis
* Scalene muscles
* Trapezius muscles

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10
Q

Suprahyoid Muscles

A
  • Stylohyoid (superficial) - facial nerve (CN VII)
  • Digastric - mandibular nerve (CN V3)
  • Mylohyoid - mandibular nerve (CN V3)
  • Geniohyoid (deep) - C1 nerve roots
    Action - elevates the hyoid (enables swallowing)
    Located superior to hyoid bone
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11
Q

Infrahyoid Muscles

A
  • Omohyoid
  • Sternohyoid
  • Sternothyroid
  • Thyrohyoid
    Actions:
  • Depresses the hyoid
  • Depresses the thyroid cartilage
  • Elevates the larynx (if hyoid is fixed - enables swallowing)
    Located inferior to hyoid bone
    Innervation - Anterior rami of C1-C3
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12
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

Actions:
* Bilateral - flexes neck
* Unilateral - lateral flexion and rotation of head to opposite side
Origin - manubrium, clavicle
Insertion – mastoid process
Innervation - Accessory nerve (CN XI)

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12
Q

Scalene Muscles

A
  • Scalenus anterior (anterior scalene)
  • Scalenus midius (middle scalene)
  • Scalenus posterior (posterior scalene)
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13
Q

Scalenus Anterior (anterior scalene)

A

Actions:
* Lateral neck flexion
* Elevates 1st rib during forced inspiration
Innervation - Spinal nerves (C4 to C7)

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14
Q

Scalenus Midius (middle scalene)

A

Actions:
* Lateral neck flexion
* Elevates 1st rib during forced inspiration
Innervation - Spinal nerves (C3 to C7)

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15
Q

Scalenus Posterior (posterior scalene)

A

Actions:
* Lateral neck flexion
* Elevates 2nd rib during forced inspiration
Innervation - Spinal nerves (C5 to C7)

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15
Q

Suboccipital Muscles

A
  • Obliquus capitis superior
  • Obliquus capitis inferior
  • Rectus capitis posterior minor
  • Rectus capitis posterior major
    Actions:
  • Postural support of head and neck
  • Extend and rotate head
    Innervation - Suboccipital nerve
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16
Q

Intrinsic Back Muscles

A
  • Spinotransversales (superficial)
  • Erector spinae (intermediate)
  • Transversospinales (deep)
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17
Q

Spinotransversales

A
  • Splenius capitis (superficial and larger)
  • Splenius cervicis (deep)
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18
Q

Splenius Capitis

A

Actions:
* Bilateral - neck extension
* Unilateral - ipsilateral (same side) rotation of head
Innervation - Posterior rami of spinal nerves

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19
Q

Splenius Cervicis

A

Actions:
* Bilateral - upper cervical spine extension
* Unilateral - upper cervical spine rotation
Innervation - Posterior rami of spinal nerves

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20
Q

Erector Spinae

A
  • Spinalis (medial)
  • Longissimus (intermediate and longest)
  • Iliocostalis (lateral)
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21
Q

Spinalis

A

Actions:
* Maintains posture
* Bilateral - extends vertebral column
* Unilateral - lateral flexion of vertebral column
Innervation - Posterior rami of spinal nerves

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22
Q

Longissimus

A

Actions:
* Maintains posture
* Bilateral - extends vertebral column
* Unilateral - lateral flexion of vertebral column
Innervation - Posterior rami of spinal nerves

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23
Iliocostalis
Actions: * Maintains posture * Bilateral - extends vertebral column * Unilateral - lateral flexion of vertebral column Innervation - Posterior rami of spinal nerves
24
Transversospinales
* Semispinalis (most developed in thoracic and cervical regions) * Rotatores (most developed in thoracic region) * Multifidus (most developed in lumbar region)
25
Semispinalis
Actions: * Bilateral - extension of vertebral column * Unilateral - contralateral (to opposite sides) rotation of vertebral column Innervation - Posterior rami of spinal nerves
26
Rotatores
Actions: * Bilateral - extension of vertebral column * Unilateral - contralateral (to opposite sides) rotation of vertebral column Innervation - Posterior rami of spinal nerves
27
Multifidus
Actions: * Bilateral - extension of vertebral column * Unilateral - contralateral (to opposite sides) rotation of vertebral column Innervation - Posterior rami of spinal nerves
28
Segmental Back Muscles
* Levatores costarum * Interspinales * Intertransversarii
29
Levatores Costarum
Actions: * Elevates ribs * Facilitates inspiration Innervation - Posterior rami of spinal nerves
30
Interspinales
Actions: * Stabilises vertebral column * Assist with extension of vertebral column Innervation - Posterior rami of spinal nerves
31
Intertransversarii
Actions: * Stabilises vertebral column * Assist with extension of vertebral column Innervation - Posterior rami of spinal nerves
31
Pectoralis Minor
Actions: * Protraction of scapula * Depression of scapula * Medial/downward rotation of scapula Origin - anterior surface of ribs 3 to 5 Insertion – coracoid process Innervation - Medial pectoral nerve
32
Shoulder Complex Muscles
* Pectoralis minor * Serratus anterior * Trapezius (upper, middle and lower) * Levator scapulae * Rhomboid minor * Rhomboid major * Deltoid * Pectoralis major * Biceps brachii* (accessory muscle) * Coracobrachialis * Teres major * Latissimus dorsi * Triceps brachii (long head)* (accessory muscle) * Supraspinatus * Infraspinatus * Teres minor * Subscapularis
33
Serratus Anterior
Actions: * Protraction of scapula * Lateral/upward rotation of scapula * Keeps scapula against thoracic wall Origin - lateral surfaces of ribs 1 to 8 Insertion – costal surface of medial border of scapula Innervation - Long thoracic nerve
34
Trapezius (upper, middle and lower)
Actions: * Elevation of scapula (upper trapezius) * Lateral/upward rotation of scapula * Retraction of scapula * Depression of scapula (lower trapezius) Innervation - Accessory nerve (CN XI - motor) + anterior rami of C3 and C4 (sensory)
35
Levator Scapulae
Actions: * Elevation of scapula * Medial/downward rotation of scapula Innervation - Dorsal scapula nerve (motor) + anterior rami of C3 and C4 (sensory)
36
Rhomboid Minor
Actions: * Retraction of scapula * Elevation of scapula Innervation - Dorsal scapula nerve
37
Rhomboid Major
Actions: * Retraction of scapula * Elevation of scapula Innervation - Dorsal scapula nerve
38
Deltoid
Actions: * Abduction of GH joint * Flexion of GH joint (anterior deltoid) * Extension of GH joint (posterior deltoid) Origin - scapular spine, acromion and lateral clavicle Insertion – deltoid tuberosity of humerus Innervation - Axillary
39
Pectoralis Major
Actions: * Flexion of GH joint * Adduction of GH joint * Medial rotation of GH joint Origin - medial clavicle, sternum and costal cartilages 1 to 7 Insertion – intertubercular sulcus of humerus Innervation - Medial + lateral pectoral nerve
40
Biceps Brachii* (shoulder complex action)
Action - accessory flexor of GH joint
41
Coracobrachialis
Actions: * Flexion of GH joint * Adduction of GH joint Origin - coracoid process Insertion – midshaft of humerus on medial side Innervation - Musculocutaneous nerve
42
Teres Major
Actions: * Extension of GH joint * Medial rotation of GH joint Origin - inferior angle of scapula Insertion – intertubercular sulcus of humerus Innervation - Inferior subscapular nerve
43
Supraspinatus
Actions: * Rotator cuff muscle (GH joint stabiliser) * Initiates abduction of GH joint (first 15°) Origin - supraspinous fossa of posterior scapula Insertion – greater tubercle of humerus Innervation - Suprascapular nerve
43
Triceps Brachii (long head)* (shoulder complex action)
Action - Accessory adductor and extensor of GH joint
43
Latissimus Dorsi
Actions: * Adduction of GH joint * Extension of GH joint * Medial rotation of GH joint Innervation - Thoracodorsal nerve
44
Infraspinatus
Actions: * Rotator cuff muscle (GH joint stabiliser) * Lateral rotation of GH joint Origin - infraspinous fossa of posterior scapula Insertion – greater tubercle of humerus Innervation - Suprascapular nerve
44
Biceps Brachii
Actions: * Flexion of elbow joint * Supinator of forearm (at radio-ulnar joints) * Flexion of GH joint Origin - long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula, short head: coracoid process Insertion – biceps tendon: radial tuberosity, bicipital aponeurosis: blends with deep fascia of medial side of anterior compartment of forearm Innervation - Musculocutaneous nerve
45
Teres Minor
Actions: * Rotator cuff muscle (GH joint stabiliser) * Lateral rotation of GH joint Origin - inferior lateral border of posterior scapula Insertion – greater tubercle of humerus Innervation - Axillary nerve
45
Subscapularis
Actions: * Rotator cuff muscle (GH joint stabiliser) * Medial rotation of GH joint Origin - subscapular fossa of anterior scapula Insertion – lesser tubercle of humerus Innervation - Superior + inferior subscapular nerve
46
Elbow Complex Muscles
* Biceps brachii * Brachialis * Brachioradialis * Triceps brachii * Anconeus
46
Anconeus
Actions - accessory extensor of elbow joint Innervation - Radial nerve
47
Brachialis
Actions - flexion of elbow joint Origin - anterior aspect of humerus Insertion – ulnar tuberosity Innervation - Musculocutaneous nerve
48
Brachioradialis
Action - accessory elbow flexor when forearm is mid pronated Origin - lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus Insertion – lateral aspect of distal radius Innervation - Radial nerve
49
Triceps Brachii
Actions: * Extension of elbow joint * Accessory adductor and extensor of GH joint (long head) Origin - infraglenoid tubercle of scapula Insertion – common tendon of olecranon process of ulna Innervation - Radial nerve
50
Anterior Forearm Muscles
* Pronator teres (superficial) * Flexor carpi radialis (superficial) * Palmaris longus (superficial) * Flexor carpi ulnaris (superficial) * Flexor digitorum superficialis (intermediate) * Flexor digitorum profundus (deep) * Flexor pollicis longus (deep) * Pronator quadratus (deep) Origin - medial epicondyle of humerus
51
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Actions: * Flexion of wrist (with FCR) * Radial deviation of wrist (with ECU) Innervation - Ulnar nerve
51
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Actions: * Flexion of wrist * Flexion of MCP joints (2-5) * Flexion of DIP joints (2-5) Innervation - Anterior interosseous nerve (median nerve – digits 2-3) + ulnar nerve (digits 4-5)
51
Pronator Teres
Action - pronation of forearm Innervation - Median nerve
52
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Actions: * Flexion of wrist (with FCU) * Radial deviation of wrist (with ECRL/B) Innervation - Median nerve
52
Palmaris Longus
Actions: * Flexion of wrist * Helps with gripping Innervation - Median nerve
53
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Actions: * Flexion of wrist * Flexion of MCP joints (2-5) * Flexion of PIP joints (2-5) Innervation - Median nerve
54
Flexor Pollicis Longus
Actions: * Flexion of IP joint of thumb (digit 1) * Flexion of MCP joint of thumb (digit 1) Innervation - Anterior interosseous nerve (median nerve)
55
Pronator Quadratus
Action - pronation of forearm Innervation - Anterior interosseous nerve (median nerve)
56
Posterior Forearm Muscles
* Brachioradialis (superficial) * Extensor carpi radialis longus (superficial) * Extensor carpi radialis brevis (superficial) * Extensor digitorum (superficial) * Extensor digiti minimi (superficial) * Extensor carpi ulnaris (superficial) * Supinator (deep) * Abductor pollicis longus (deep) * Extensor pollicis longus (deep) * Extensor pollicis brevis (deep) * Extensor indicis (deep) Origin - lateral epicondyle of humerus
56
Brachioradialis
Action - accessory elbow flexor when forearm is mid pronated Origin - lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus Insertion – lateral aspect of distal radius Innervation - Radial nerve
57
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Actions: * Extension of wrist (with ECRB and ECU) * Radial deviation of wrist (with ECRB and FCR) Innervation - Radial nerve
58
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
Actions: * Extension of wrist (with ECRL and ECU) * Radial deviation of wrist (with ECRL and FCR) Innervation - Deep branch of radial nerve
58
Extensor Digiti Minimi
Action - extension of digit 5 Innervation - Posterior interosseous nerve (radial nerve)
59
Extensor Digitorum
Actions: * Extension of digits 2-5 * Extension of wrist Innervation - Posterior interosseous nerve (radial nerve)
60
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Actions: * Extension of wrist (with ECRB/L) * Ulnar deviation of wrist (with FCU) Innervation - Posterior interosseous nerve (radial nerve)
61
Supinator
Action - supination of forearm Innervation - Posterior interosseous nerve (radial nerve)
62
Abductor Pollicis Longus
Action - abduction of CMC joint of thumb (digit 1) Innervation - Posterior interosseous nerve (radial nerve)
63
Extensor Pollicis Longus
Actions: * Extension of IP joint of thumb (digit 1) * Extension of CMC joint of thumb (digit 1) * Extension of MCP joint of thumb (digit 1) Innervation - Posterior interosseous nerve (radial nerve)
64
Extensor Pollicis Brevis
Actions: * Extension of MCP joint of thumb (digit 1) * Extension of CMC joint of thumb (digit 1) Innervation - Posterior interosseous nerve (radial nerve)
65
Intrinsic Hand Muscles
* Abductor pollicis brevis (thenar group) * Flexor pollicis brevis (thenar group) * Opponens pollicis (thenar group) * Abductor digiti minimi (hypothenar group) * Flexor digiti minimi brevis (hypothenar group) * Opponens digiti minimi (hypothenar group) * Adductor pollicis * Lumbrical muscles (1-4) * Dorsal interossei muscles (1-4) * Palmar interossei muscles (2-4)
66
Extensor Indicis
Action - extension of digit 2 Innervation - Posterior interosseous nerve (radial nerve)
67
Abductor Pollicis Brevis
Action - abduction of thumb (digit 1) Innervation - Recurrent branch of median nerve
68
Flexor Pollicis Brevis
Action - flexion of MCP joint of thumb (digit 1) Innervation - Recurrent branch of median nerve
69
Opponens Pollicis
Action - medial rotation of MCP joint of metacarpal 1 Innervation - Recurrent branch of median nerve
70
Abductor Digiti Minimi Brevis
Action - abduction of MCP joint of digit 5 Innervation - Deep branch of ulnar nerve
71
Opponens Digiti Minimi
Action - lateral rotation of CMC joint of metacarpal 5 Innervation - Deep branch of ulnar nerve
72
Adductor Pollicis
Action - adduction of CMC joint of thumb (digit 1) Innervation - Deep branch of ulnar nerve
73
Lumbrical Muscles
(Lumbricals 1-2: unipennate, lumbricals 3-4: bipennate) Actions: * Flexion of MCP of individual digit * Extension of IP joints of individual digit Innervation - Digital branch of median nerve (lumbricals 1-2) + deep branch of ulnar nerve (lumbricals 3-4)
74
Dorsal Interossei Muscles
Actions: * Abduction of MCP joint of individual digit * Flexion of MCP joint of individual digit * Extension of IP joint of individual digit Innervation - Deep branch of ulnar nerve
75
Palmar Interossei Muscles
Action - adduction of MCP joint of individual digit Innervation - Deep branch of ulnar nerve

BM1041 (10 decks)

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