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BM1041 > Upper Limb Muscles > Flashcards

Upper Limb Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Facial Expression Muscles

A

Innervation - Facial Nerve (CN VII)

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2
Q

Mastication Muscles

A
  • Temporalis
  • Masseter
  • Medial pterygoid
  • Lateral pterygoid
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3
Q

Temporalis

A

Actions:
* Elevates mandible
* Retracts mandible
Origin - temporal fossa and temporal fascia
Insertion - coronoid process and ramus of mandible
Innervation - Mandibular nerve (CN V3)

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4
Q

Masseter

A

Action - elevates mandible
Origin - zygomatic arch
Insertion - angle of ramus of mandible
Innervation - Mandibular nerve (CN V3)

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5
Q

Medial Pterygoid

A

Actions:
* Elevates mandible
* Protracts side of mandible
* Side to side movement (contralateral/opposite excursion)
Origin - superficial head: tuberosity of maxilla and pyramidal process of palatine bone, deep head: medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate and pyramidal process of palatine bone
Insertion – medial surface of mandible
Innervation - Mandibular nerve (CN V3)

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6
Q

Lateral Pterygoid

A

Actions:
* Protracts mandible
* Side to side movement (contralateral/opposite excursion)
Origin - roof of infratemporal fossa and lateral surface of pterygoid process
Insertion – capsule of TMJ and pterygoid fossa of mandible
Innervation - Mandibular nerve (CN V3)

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7
Q

Deep Neck Flexor Muscles

A
  • Rectus capitis anterior
  • Rectus capitis lateralis
  • Longus capitis
  • Longus colli
    Action - flexes head and neck
    Innervation - Anterior rami of spinal nerves
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8
Q

Anterior Neck Triangle

A

Borders:
* Superior – inferior angle of mandible
* Lateral – anterior border of sternocleidomastoid
* Medial – midline of neck
Muscles:
* Suprahyoids
* Infrahyoids

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9
Q

Posterior Neck Triangle

A

Borders:
* Anterior – posterior border of sternocleidomastoid
* Posterior – anterior border of trapezius muscles
* Inferior – middle third of clavicle
Muscles:
* Sternocleidomastoid
* Splenius capitis
* Scalene muscles
* Trapezius muscles

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10
Q

Suprahyoid Muscles

A
  • Stylohyoid (superficial) - facial nerve (CN VII)
  • Digastric - mandibular nerve (CN V3)
  • Mylohyoid - mandibular nerve (CN V3)
  • Geniohyoid (deep) - C1 nerve roots
    Action - elevates the hyoid (enables swallowing)
    Located superior to hyoid bone
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11
Q

Infrahyoid Muscles

A
  • Omohyoid
  • Sternohyoid
  • Sternothyroid
  • Thyrohyoid
    Actions:
  • Depresses the hyoid
  • Depresses the thyroid cartilage
  • Elevates the larynx (if hyoid is fixed - enables swallowing)
    Located inferior to hyoid bone
    Innervation - Anterior rami of C1-C3
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12
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

Actions:
* Bilateral - flexes neck
* Unilateral - lateral flexion and rotation of head to opposite side
Origin - manubrium, clavicle
Insertion – mastoid process
Innervation - Accessory nerve (CN XI)

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12
Q

Scalene Muscles

A
  • Scalenus anterior (anterior scalene)
  • Scalenus midius (middle scalene)
  • Scalenus posterior (posterior scalene)
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13
Q

Scalenus Anterior (anterior scalene)

A

Actions:
* Lateral neck flexion
* Elevates 1st rib during forced inspiration
Innervation - Spinal nerves (C4 to C7)

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14
Q

Scalenus Midius (middle scalene)

A

Actions:
* Lateral neck flexion
* Elevates 1st rib during forced inspiration
Innervation - Spinal nerves (C3 to C7)

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15
Q

Scalenus Posterior (posterior scalene)

A

Actions:
* Lateral neck flexion
* Elevates 2nd rib during forced inspiration
Innervation - Spinal nerves (C5 to C7)

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15
Q

Suboccipital Muscles

A
  • Obliquus capitis superior
  • Obliquus capitis inferior
  • Rectus capitis posterior minor
  • Rectus capitis posterior major
    Actions:
  • Postural support of head and neck
  • Extend and rotate head
    Innervation - Suboccipital nerve
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16
Q

Intrinsic Back Muscles

A
  • Spinotransversales (superficial)
  • Erector spinae (intermediate)
  • Transversospinales (deep)
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17
Q

Spinotransversales

A
  • Splenius capitis (superficial and larger)
  • Splenius cervicis (deep)
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18
Q

Splenius Capitis

A

Actions:
* Bilateral - neck extension
* Unilateral - ipsilateral (same side) rotation of head
Innervation - Posterior rami of spinal nerves

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19
Q

Splenius Cervicis

A

Actions:
* Bilateral - upper cervical spine extension
* Unilateral - upper cervical spine rotation
Innervation - Posterior rami of spinal nerves

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20
Q

Erector Spinae

A
  • Spinalis (medial)
  • Longissimus (intermediate and longest)
  • Iliocostalis (lateral)
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21
Q

Spinalis

A

Actions:
* Maintains posture
* Bilateral - extends vertebral column
* Unilateral - lateral flexion of vertebral column
Innervation - Posterior rami of spinal nerves

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22
Q

Longissimus

A

Actions:
* Maintains posture
* Bilateral - extends vertebral column
* Unilateral - lateral flexion of vertebral column
Innervation - Posterior rami of spinal nerves

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23
Q

Iliocostalis

A

Actions:
* Maintains posture
* Bilateral - extends vertebral column
* Unilateral - lateral flexion of vertebral column
Innervation - Posterior rami of spinal nerves

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24
Q

Transversospinales

A
  • Semispinalis (most developed in thoracic and cervical regions)
  • Rotatores (most developed in thoracic region)
  • Multifidus (most developed in lumbar region)
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25
Q

Semispinalis

A

Actions:
* Bilateral - extension of vertebral column
* Unilateral - contralateral (to opposite sides) rotation of vertebral column
Innervation - Posterior rami of spinal nerves

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26
Q

Rotatores

A

Actions:
* Bilateral - extension of vertebral column
* Unilateral - contralateral (to opposite sides) rotation of vertebral column
Innervation - Posterior rami of spinal nerves

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27
Q

Multifidus

A

Actions:
* Bilateral - extension of vertebral column
* Unilateral - contralateral (to opposite sides) rotation of vertebral column
Innervation - Posterior rami of spinal nerves

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28
Q

Segmental Back Muscles

A
  • Levatores costarum
  • Interspinales
  • Intertransversarii
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29
Q

Levatores Costarum

A

Actions:
* Elevates ribs
* Facilitates inspiration
Innervation - Posterior rami of spinal nerves

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30
Q

Interspinales

A

Actions:
* Stabilises vertebral column
* Assist with extension of vertebral column
Innervation - Posterior rami of spinal nerves

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31
Q

Intertransversarii

A

Actions:
* Stabilises vertebral column
* Assist with extension of vertebral column
Innervation - Posterior rami of spinal nerves

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31
Q

Pectoralis Minor

A

Actions:
* Protraction of scapula
* Depression of scapula
* Medial/downward rotation of scapula
Origin - anterior surface of ribs 3 to 5
Insertion – coracoid process
Innervation - Medial pectoral nerve

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32
Q

Shoulder Complex Muscles

A
  • Pectoralis minor
  • Serratus anterior
  • Trapezius (upper, middle and lower)
  • Levator scapulae
  • Rhomboid minor
  • Rhomboid major
  • Deltoid
  • Pectoralis major
  • Biceps brachii* (accessory muscle)
  • Coracobrachialis
  • Teres major
  • Latissimus dorsi
  • Triceps brachii (long head)* (accessory muscle)
  • Supraspinatus
  • Infraspinatus
  • Teres minor
  • Subscapularis
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33
Q

Serratus Anterior

A

Actions:
* Protraction of scapula
* Lateral/upward rotation of scapula
* Keeps scapula against thoracic wall
Origin - lateral surfaces of ribs 1 to 8
Insertion – costal surface of medial border of scapula
Innervation - Long thoracic nerve

34
Q

Trapezius (upper, middle and lower)

A

Actions:
* Elevation of scapula (upper trapezius)
* Lateral/upward rotation of scapula
* Retraction of scapula
* Depression of scapula (lower trapezius)
Innervation - Accessory nerve (CN XI - motor) + anterior rami of C3 and C4 (sensory)

35
Q

Levator Scapulae

A

Actions:
* Elevation of scapula
* Medial/downward rotation of scapula
Innervation - Dorsal scapula nerve (motor) + anterior rami of C3 and C4 (sensory)

36
Q

Rhomboid Minor

A

Actions:
* Retraction of scapula
* Elevation of scapula
Innervation - Dorsal scapula nerve

37
Q

Rhomboid Major

A

Actions:
* Retraction of scapula
* Elevation of scapula
Innervation - Dorsal scapula nerve

38
Q

Deltoid

A

Actions:
* Abduction of GH joint
* Flexion of GH joint (anterior deltoid)
* Extension of GH joint (posterior deltoid)
Origin - scapular spine, acromion and lateral clavicle
Insertion – deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Innervation - Axillary

39
Q

Pectoralis Major

A

Actions:
* Flexion of GH joint
* Adduction of GH joint
* Medial rotation of GH joint
Origin - medial clavicle, sternum and costal cartilages 1 to 7
Insertion – intertubercular sulcus of humerus
Innervation - Medial + lateral pectoral nerve

40
Q

Biceps Brachii* (shoulder complex action)

A

Action - accessory flexor of GH joint

41
Q

Coracobrachialis

A

Actions:
* Flexion of GH joint
* Adduction of GH joint
Origin - coracoid process
Insertion – midshaft of humerus on medial side
Innervation - Musculocutaneous nerve

42
Q

Teres Major

A

Actions:
* Extension of GH joint
* Medial rotation of GH joint
Origin - inferior angle of scapula
Insertion – intertubercular sulcus of humerus
Innervation - Inferior subscapular nerve

43
Q

Supraspinatus

A

Actions:
* Rotator cuff muscle (GH joint stabiliser)
* Initiates abduction of GH joint (first 15°)
Origin - supraspinous fossa of posterior scapula
Insertion – greater tubercle of humerus
Innervation - Suprascapular nerve

43
Q

Triceps Brachii (long head)* (shoulder complex action)

A

Action - Accessory adductor and extensor of GH joint

43
Q

Latissimus Dorsi

A

Actions:
* Adduction of GH joint
* Extension of GH joint
* Medial rotation of GH joint
Innervation - Thoracodorsal nerve

44
Q

Infraspinatus

A

Actions:
* Rotator cuff muscle (GH joint stabiliser)
* Lateral rotation of GH joint
Origin - infraspinous fossa of posterior scapula
Insertion – greater tubercle of humerus
Innervation - Suprascapular nerve

44
Q

Biceps Brachii

A

Actions:
* Flexion of elbow joint
* Supinator of forearm (at radio-ulnar joints)
* Flexion of GH joint
Origin - long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula, short head: coracoid process
Insertion – biceps tendon: radial tuberosity, bicipital aponeurosis: blends with deep fascia of medial side of anterior compartment of forearm
Innervation - Musculocutaneous nerve

45
Q

Teres Minor

A

Actions:
* Rotator cuff muscle (GH joint stabiliser)
* Lateral rotation of GH joint
Origin - inferior lateral border of posterior scapula
Insertion – greater tubercle of humerus
Innervation - Axillary nerve

45
Q

Subscapularis

A

Actions:
* Rotator cuff muscle (GH joint stabiliser)
* Medial rotation of GH joint
Origin - subscapular fossa of anterior scapula
Insertion – lesser tubercle of humerus
Innervation - Superior + inferior subscapular nerve

46
Q

Elbow Complex Muscles

A
  • Biceps brachii
  • Brachialis
  • Brachioradialis
  • Triceps brachii
  • Anconeus
46
Q

Anconeus

A

Actions - accessory extensor of elbow joint
Innervation - Radial nerve

47
Q

Brachialis

A

Actions - flexion of elbow joint
Origin - anterior aspect of humerus
Insertion – ulnar tuberosity
Innervation - Musculocutaneous nerve

48
Q

Brachioradialis

A

Action - accessory elbow flexor when forearm is mid pronated
Origin - lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
Insertion – lateral aspect of distal radius
Innervation - Radial nerve

49
Q

Triceps Brachii

A

Actions:
* Extension of elbow joint
* Accessory adductor and extensor of GH joint (long head)
Origin - infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Insertion – common tendon of olecranon process of ulna
Innervation - Radial nerve

50
Q

Anterior Forearm Muscles

A
  • Pronator teres (superficial)
  • Flexor carpi radialis (superficial)
  • Palmaris longus (superficial)
  • Flexor carpi ulnaris (superficial)
  • Flexor digitorum superficialis (intermediate)
  • Flexor digitorum profundus (deep)
  • Flexor pollicis longus (deep)
  • Pronator quadratus (deep)
    Origin - medial epicondyle of humerus
51
Q

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

A

Actions:
* Flexion of wrist (with FCR)
* Radial deviation of wrist (with ECU)
Innervation - Ulnar nerve

51
Q

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

A

Actions:
* Flexion of wrist
* Flexion of MCP joints (2-5)
* Flexion of DIP joints (2-5)
Innervation - Anterior interosseous nerve (median nerve – digits 2-3) + ulnar nerve (digits 4-5)

51
Q

Pronator Teres

A

Action - pronation of forearm
Innervation - Median nerve

52
Q

Flexor Carpi Radialis

A

Actions:
* Flexion of wrist (with FCU)
* Radial deviation of wrist (with ECRL/B)
Innervation - Median nerve

52
Q

Palmaris Longus

A

Actions:
* Flexion of wrist
* Helps with gripping
Innervation - Median nerve

53
Q

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

A

Actions:
* Flexion of wrist
* Flexion of MCP joints (2-5)
* Flexion of PIP joints (2-5)
Innervation - Median nerve

54
Q

Flexor Pollicis Longus

A

Actions:
* Flexion of IP joint of thumb (digit 1)
* Flexion of MCP joint of thumb (digit 1)
Innervation - Anterior interosseous nerve (median nerve)

55
Q

Pronator Quadratus

A

Action - pronation of forearm
Innervation - Anterior interosseous nerve (median nerve)

56
Q

Posterior Forearm Muscles

A
  • Brachioradialis (superficial)
  • Extensor carpi radialis longus (superficial)
  • Extensor carpi radialis brevis (superficial)
  • Extensor digitorum (superficial)
  • Extensor digiti minimi (superficial)
  • Extensor carpi ulnaris (superficial)
  • Supinator (deep)
  • Abductor pollicis longus (deep)
  • Extensor pollicis longus (deep)
  • Extensor pollicis brevis (deep)
  • Extensor indicis (deep)
    Origin - lateral epicondyle of humerus
56
Q

Brachioradialis

A

Action - accessory elbow flexor when forearm is mid pronated
Origin - lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
Insertion – lateral aspect of distal radius
Innervation - Radial nerve

57
Q

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

A

Actions:
* Extension of wrist (with ECRB and ECU)
* Radial deviation of wrist (with ECRB and FCR)
Innervation - Radial nerve

58
Q

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

A

Actions:
* Extension of wrist (with ECRL and ECU)
* Radial deviation of wrist (with ECRL and FCR)
Innervation - Deep branch of radial nerve

58
Q

Extensor Digiti Minimi

A

Action - extension of digit 5
Innervation - Posterior interosseous nerve (radial nerve)

59
Q

Extensor Digitorum

A

Actions:
* Extension of digits 2-5
* Extension of wrist
Innervation - Posterior interosseous nerve (radial nerve)

60
Q

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

A

Actions:
* Extension of wrist (with ECRB/L)
* Ulnar deviation of wrist (with FCU)
Innervation - Posterior interosseous nerve (radial nerve)

61
Q

Supinator

A

Action - supination of forearm
Innervation - Posterior interosseous nerve (radial nerve)

62
Q

Abductor Pollicis Longus

A

Action - abduction of CMC joint of thumb (digit 1)
Innervation - Posterior interosseous nerve (radial nerve)

63
Q

Extensor Pollicis Longus

A

Actions:
* Extension of IP joint of thumb (digit 1)
* Extension of CMC joint of thumb (digit 1)
* Extension of MCP joint of thumb (digit 1)
Innervation - Posterior interosseous nerve (radial nerve)

64
Q

Extensor Pollicis Brevis

A

Actions:
* Extension of MCP joint of thumb (digit 1)
* Extension of CMC joint of thumb (digit 1)
Innervation - Posterior interosseous nerve (radial nerve)

65
Q

Intrinsic Hand Muscles

A
  • Abductor pollicis brevis (thenar group)
  • Flexor pollicis brevis (thenar group)
  • Opponens pollicis (thenar group)
  • Abductor digiti minimi (hypothenar group)
  • Flexor digiti minimi brevis (hypothenar group)
  • Opponens digiti minimi (hypothenar group)
  • Adductor pollicis
  • Lumbrical muscles (1-4)
  • Dorsal interossei muscles (1-4)
  • Palmar interossei muscles (2-4)
66
Q

Extensor Indicis

A

Action - extension of digit 2
Innervation - Posterior interosseous nerve (radial nerve)

67
Q

Abductor Pollicis Brevis

A

Action - abduction of thumb (digit 1)
Innervation - Recurrent branch of median nerve

68
Q

Flexor Pollicis Brevis

A

Action - flexion of MCP joint of thumb (digit 1)
Innervation - Recurrent branch of median nerve

69
Q

Opponens Pollicis

A

Action - medial rotation of MCP joint of metacarpal 1
Innervation - Recurrent branch of median nerve

70
Q

Abductor Digiti Minimi Brevis

A

Action - abduction of MCP joint of digit 5
Innervation - Deep branch of ulnar nerve

71
Q

Opponens Digiti Minimi

A

Action - lateral rotation of CMC joint of metacarpal 5
Innervation - Deep branch of ulnar nerve

72
Q

Adductor Pollicis

A

Action - adduction of CMC joint of thumb (digit 1)
Innervation - Deep branch of ulnar nerve

73
Q

Lumbrical Muscles

A

(Lumbricals 1-2: unipennate, lumbricals 3-4: bipennate)
Actions:
* Flexion of MCP of individual digit
* Extension of IP joints of individual digit
Innervation - Digital branch of median nerve (lumbricals 1-2) + deep branch of ulnar nerve (lumbricals 3-4)

74
Q

Dorsal Interossei Muscles

A

Actions:
* Abduction of MCP joint of individual digit
* Flexion of MCP joint of individual digit
* Extension of IP joint of individual digit
Innervation - Deep branch of ulnar nerve

75
Q

Palmar Interossei Muscles

A

Action - adduction of MCP joint of individual digit
Innervation - Deep branch of ulnar nerve

BM1041 (10 decks)

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