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BM1041 > anatomy > Flashcards

anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Epithelial Tissue

A

Act as coverings such as skin as well as for blood vessels, muscles and internal organs

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2
Q

Connective Tissue

A

Supports and binds such as tendons, ligaments, cartilage, adipose tissue, and bones (hold structures in place

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3
Q

Muscle Tissue

A

contracts when activated and allow the body to move using contraction forces

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4
Q

Nervous Tissue

A

Sends and receives information when activated

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5
Q

What organ system do the skeletal and muscular systems make up?

A

Musculo-skeletal

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6
Q

What organ system do the nervous and vascular systems make up

A

Neuro-vascular

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7
Q

Cervical (cervix)

A

neck

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8
Q

Glenohumeral Joint

A

Shoulder Joint

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9
Q

Brachium

A

Upper arm

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10
Q

Olecranon

A

Elbow

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11
Q

Antebrachial

A

Forearm

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12
Q

Carpi

A

Wrist

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13
Q

Digits

A

Fingers

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14
Q

Fossa

A

Shallow dish

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15
Q

Foramen

A

hole

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16
Q

Tubercle

A

Small rounded point/nodule

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17
Q

Tuberosity

A

a prominent tubercle

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18
Q

facet

A

small surface for another bone

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19
Q

Ramus

A

branch

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20
Q

condyles

A

rounded projection at bone ends

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21
Q

Meatus

A

Opening or passageway

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22
Q

Process

A

Projection from the bone - of the bone

23
Q

Spine

A

A sharper process (projection)

24
Q

Articulation

A

where two bones meet - a joint

25
Q

What are the two components of the skeletal system?

A

Axial and Appendicular

26
Q

What are the 3 cartilage types?

A

Hyaline, Elastic, Fibrocartilage

27
Q

What does red marrow produces?

A

Blood cells

28
Q

What does yellow marrow produce?

A

Adipose fats

29
Q

Describe long bones

A

2 Ends (epiphysis) 1 shaft (diaphysis)

30
Q

Describe short bones

A

As wide as long as

31
Q

Describe flat bones

A

Compact - spongey - compact

32
Q

Describe sesamoid bones

A

Small oral bone found in tendons

33
Q

Describe irregular bones

A

Varied appearance - do not fit into same category as other bones

34
Q

Name of bone cells

A

Osteocyte

35
Q

What are the bone tissue types?

A

Compact (cortical) and Cancellous (spongey, trabecular)

36
Q

Periosteum membrane

A

Bone coating around cortical bone

37
Q

endoosteum membrane

A

Membrane within bone, deeper to compact bone

38
Q

Medullary cavity

A

Inner or deeper part of bone. Within spongey tissue and contains red and yellow marrow.

39
Q

What is contained in Diaphysis?

A

Contains blood supply, and nerves, and houses medullary cavity

40
Q

What is epiphyseal line?

A

Thin layer of cartillage that lies just below bone end (epiphysis), and allows for interstitial growth

41
Q

What is endochondrial ossification?

A

Hyaline cartilage development in womb (gestation-7 weeks) which is eventually replaced by bone

42
Q

What is intra-membranous ossification

A

Embryonic tissue development in gestation - 7weeks in womb (mesenchyme), eventually replaced by bone

43
Q

Role of osteoclasts and osteoblasts?

A

Osteoclasts will absorb old and injured bone tissue (osteocytes) while osteoblasts will build and form new bone tissue to replace old or injured tissue

44
Q

What are two types of bone growth?

A

Appositional growth (wide) - Good growth, homeostatic response to bone stress from increased muscle activity (e.g. weight lifting)
Interstitial growth (long) - Good growth, response to development for growth/height. This growth occurs on epiphyseal plates.

45
Q

What is a joint?

A

Where two bones articulate

46
Q

What are 3 types of joints and what movements do they exhibit?

A
  1. Fibrous (synarthrosis), very restricted movement
  2. Cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) - restricted movement
  3. Synovial (diarthrosis) - allows movement
47
Q

What are 3 types of Fibrous joints

A

Sutures (where skull bones articulate), Gomphoses (joint that anchors tooth to socket) Syndesmosis (joint between radius and ulnar)

48
Q

What are two types of cartilaginous joints

A

Synchondroses, Symphyses

49
Q

What are 6 types of synovial joints

A

Hinge joint (elbow joint) , Ball and socket joint (glenohumeral joint), Plane joint (carpal joints that glide) , Pivot joint (joint in neck) Condyloid joint (wrist joint), Saddle joint (only thumb joint)

50
Q

Name 3 types of muscle cells (myocytes)

A

Cardiac muscle (found in heart), Skeletal muscle (have tendons attached to bones), Smooth muscle (performs involuntary movement e.g. bladder and intestine)

51
Q

What 4 characteristics do all muscle cells have?

A

Excitability (stimulus from a nerve)
Contractility (Cells can forcefully shorten)
Extensibility (Can be stretched)
Elasticity (can return to normal length)

52
Q

What is structure of muscle

A

Muscle belly (lined with epimysium), then Fascicle (lined with perimysium), Then muscle cell (lined with endomysium), Then myofibirl (where sarcomeres are found)

53
Q
A

BM1041 (10 decks)

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