anatomy Flashcards
Epithelial Tissue
Act as coverings such as skin as well as for blood vessels, muscles and internal organs
Connective Tissue
Supports and binds such as tendons, ligaments, cartilage, adipose tissue, and bones (hold structures in place
Muscle Tissue
contracts when activated and allow the body to move using contraction forces
Nervous Tissue
Sends and receives information when activated
What organ system do the skeletal and muscular systems make up?
Musculo-skeletal
What organ system do the nervous and vascular systems make up
Neuro-vascular
Cervical (cervix)
neck
Glenohumeral Joint
Shoulder Joint
Brachium
Upper arm
Olecranon
Elbow
Antebrachial
Forearm
Carpi
Wrist
Digits
Fingers
Fossa
Shallow dish
Foramen
hole
Tubercle
Small rounded point/nodule
Tuberosity
a prominent tubercle
facet
small surface for another bone
Ramus
branch
condyles
rounded projection at bone ends
Meatus
Opening or passageway
Process
Projection from the bone - of the bone
Spine
A sharper process (projection)
Articulation
where two bones meet - a joint
What are the two components of the skeletal system?
Axial and Appendicular
What are the 3 cartilage types?
Hyaline, Elastic, Fibrocartilage
What does red marrow produces?
Blood cells
What does yellow marrow produce?
Adipose fats
Describe long bones
2 Ends (epiphysis) 1 shaft (diaphysis)
Describe short bones
As wide as long as
Describe flat bones
Compact - spongey - compact
Describe sesamoid bones
Small oral bone found in tendons
Describe irregular bones
Varied appearance - do not fit into same category as other bones
Name of bone cells
Osteocyte
What are the bone tissue types?
Compact (cortical) and Cancellous (spongey, trabecular)
Periosteum membrane
Bone coating around cortical bone
endoosteum membrane
Membrane within bone, deeper to compact bone
Medullary cavity
Inner or deeper part of bone. Within spongey tissue and contains red and yellow marrow.
What is contained in Diaphysis?
Contains blood supply, and nerves, and houses medullary cavity
What is epiphyseal line?
Thin layer of cartillage that lies just below bone end (epiphysis), and allows for interstitial growth
What is endochondrial ossification?
Hyaline cartilage development in womb (gestation-7 weeks) which is eventually replaced by bone
What is intra-membranous ossification
Embryonic tissue development in gestation - 7weeks in womb (mesenchyme), eventually replaced by bone
Role of osteoclasts and osteoblasts?
Osteoclasts will absorb old and injured bone tissue (osteocytes) while osteoblasts will build and form new bone tissue to replace old or injured tissue
What are two types of bone growth?
Appositional growth (wide) - Good growth, homeostatic response to bone stress from increased muscle activity (e.g. weight lifting)
Interstitial growth (long) - Good growth, response to development for growth/height. This growth occurs on epiphyseal plates.
What is a joint?
Where two bones articulate
What are 3 types of joints and what movements do they exhibit?
- Fibrous (synarthrosis), very restricted movement
- Cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) - restricted movement
- Synovial (diarthrosis) - allows movement
What are 3 types of Fibrous joints
Sutures (where skull bones articulate), Gomphoses (joint that anchors tooth to socket) Syndesmosis (joint between radius and ulnar)
What are two types of cartilaginous joints
Synchondroses, Symphyses
What are 6 types of synovial joints
Hinge joint (elbow joint) , Ball and socket joint (glenohumeral joint), Plane joint (carpal joints that glide) , Pivot joint (joint in neck) Condyloid joint (wrist joint), Saddle joint (only thumb joint)
Name 3 types of muscle cells (myocytes)
Cardiac muscle (found in heart), Skeletal muscle (have tendons attached to bones), Smooth muscle (performs involuntary movement e.g. bladder and intestine)
What 4 characteristics do all muscle cells have?
Excitability (stimulus from a nerve)
Contractility (Cells can forcefully shorten)
Extensibility (Can be stretched)
Elasticity (can return to normal length)
What is structure of muscle
Muscle belly (lined with epimysium), then Fascicle (lined with perimysium), Then muscle cell (lined with endomysium), Then myofibirl (where sarcomeres are found)
