Upper Limb - Axilla and Neurovascular Input to the Upper Limb Flashcards
What is the Axilla
The Axilla is the pyramidal space below the shoulder joint. It provides a passageway for vessels and nerves going to and from the upper limb
The Anterior Wall of the Axilla is made up of
Pectoralis Major and Pectoralis Minor
The Posterior Wall of the Axilla is made up of
Scapularis muscle, Teres Major and Lattisimus Dorsi
The Medial wall of the Axilla is made up of
Serratus Anterior Muscle
The Lateral Wall of the Axilla is made up of
The intertubercular sulcus of the humerus
The Axillary Artery is the continuation of what artery
The subclavian
At what anatomical point does the axillary artery begin
The outer border of the first rib
The axillary artery continues beyond the axilla to form
The brachial artery
At what anatomical point does the brachial artery begin
The inferior border of the teres major tendon and ends at the neck of the radius 1cm distal to the elbow joint
The Brachial Plexus is made up of
The ventral Rami of C5, C6, C7, C8 and T1
The superior trunk of the brachial plexus is formed by which nerve roots
C5 and C6
The middle trunk of the brachial plexus is formed by which nerve roots
C7
The inferior trunk of the brachial plexus if formed by which nerve roots
C8 and T1
What area of the neck do the trunks of the brachial plexus cross
The posterior triangle
Describe the divisions of the brachial plexus
Each of the trunks divide into two branches, one division travels anteriorly and the other travels posteriorly.
The lateral chord of the brachial plexus is formed by
The anterior division of the superior trunk and the anterior division of the middle trunk
The posterior chord is formed by
the posterior division of the superior trunk
The posterior division of the middle trunk and the posteior division of the inferior trunk
the medial chord is formed by
The anterior division of the inferior trunk
The Musculocutaneous Nerve is formed by what roots
C5,C6,C7
What are the motor functions of the musculocutaenosu nerve
Innervates brachialis, biceps brachii and coracobrachialis muscles
What are the sensory functions of the musculocutaneous nerve
Gives off the lateral cutaneous branch of the forearm, which innervates the lateral half of the anterior forearm, and a small lateral portion of the posterior forearm
What are the nerve roots of the axillary nerve
C5 and C6
What are the motor functions of the axillary nerve
Innervates teres minor and the deltoid muscles
What are the sensory functions of the axillary nerve
Gives off the superior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm, which innervates the inferior region of the deltoid
What are the nerve roots of the median nerve
C6-T1
What are the motor functions of the median nerve
Innervates most of the flexor muscles in the forearm, the thenar muscles, and the two lateral lumbricals that move the index and middle fingers
What are the sensory functions of the median nerve
Gives off the palmar cutaneous branch, which innervates the lateral part of the palm, and the digital cutaneous branch, which innervates the lateral three and a half fingers on the anterior (palmar) surface of the hand
Nerve roots of the radial nerve
C5-C8 and T1
Motor functions of the radial nerve
Innervates the triceps brachii, and the extensor muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm
Sensory functions of the radial nerve
nnervates the posterior aspect of the arm and forearm, and the posterior, lateral aspect of the hand.
Roots of ulnar nerve
C8 and T1
Motor functions of the ulnar nerve
Innervates the muscles of the hand (apart from the thenar muscles and two lateral lumbricals), flexor carpi ulnaris and medial half of flexor digitorum profundus.
Sensory functions of the ulnar nerve
Innervates the anterior and posterior surfaces of the medial one and half fingers, and associated palm area
Erbs Palsy occurs when
There is an excessive increase in the angle between the neck and the shoulder
Nerves effected in Erbs palsy
C5 or C6 roots
State the muscles paralysed in Erbs Palsy
Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subclavius, biceps brachii, brachiallis, coracobrachialis, deltoid and teres minor
What motor functions are lost in Erbs Palsy
Abduction at the shoulder, lateral rotation of the arm, supination of the forearm and flexion at the shoulder
What sensory functions are lost in Erbs palsy
Loss down the lateral side of the arm (axillary and musculocutaneous nerves)
How does a limb effected by Erbs palsy appear
Medially rotated, limp limb and pronated forearm
Klumpkes Palsy
Injury to the lower trunk of the brachial plexus resulting in damage to the intrinsic muscles of the hand and ulnar flexors of the wrist and fingers
