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MRCS B > Upper Limb Anatomy > Flashcards

Upper Limb Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Supply of Brachial Plexus

A

C5-8 and T1

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2
Q

Position of subclavian vessels in relation to scalene muscles

A

Artery posterior to scalene anterior, vein anterior to scalene anterior

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3
Q

Supply of Brachial Cords

A

Lateral: Ant branches of upper and middle trunks
Medial: Ant Division of lower trunk
Posterior: Post division of all cords

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4
Q

Cords forming medial nerve

A

Lateral + branch of medial

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5
Q

Cords forming ulnar nerve

A

Medial

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6
Q

Cords forming radial nerve

A

Posterior

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7
Q

Klumpke’s Paralysis

A

C8/T1 Lesion

Claw hand, medial loss of sensation and Horner’s

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8
Q

Ulnar Nerve Path

A

Descends on posteriomedial aspect of humerus. Passes between humeral and ulnar heads into anterior compartment. Passes into hand through Guyon’s canal.

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9
Q

Muscles supplied by ulnar nerve

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris, Flexor digitorum profundus, Flexor digiti minimi, Abductor digiti minimi, Opponens digiti minimi, Adductor pollicus, 3/4th Lumbricals, palmaris Brevis

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10
Q

Ulnar nerve sensory innervation

A

Fifth digit plus medial side of fourth (Palmar surface)

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11
Q

Result of ulnar lesion at elbow

A

Claw hand, ulnar sensory deficit

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12
Q

Result of ulnar lesion at wrist

A

Claw hand less prominent. Ulnar sensory deficit

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13
Q

Median nerve Path

A

Courses along lateral, then medial surface of brachial artery, passes below flexor retinaculum in forearm.

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14
Q

Median nerve branches in forearm

A

Anterior Interosseous, Palmar Cutaneous

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15
Q

Median Nerve Muscle Supply

A

Pronator Teres, Flexor Carpi Radialis, Palmaris Longus, Flexor digitorum profundus, Flexor digitorum superficialis, Flexor pollicus longus, Lateral lumbricals, opponens Pollicus, Abductor Pollicus Brevis, Flexor pollicus brevis (LOAF)

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16
Q

Median nerve Sensation

A

Thumb, index and middle finger. Lateral half of ring finger. (Palm supplied by palmar cutaneous branch)

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17
Q

Upper arm median nerve injury

A

Loss of pronation, hand flexion, thumb abduction and sensation over median distribution

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18
Q

Carpal tunnel injury

A

Loss of sensation over median distribution of hand (NOT palm, as palmar cutaneous leaves prior to canal)

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19
Q

Anterior Interosseous Nerve

A

Branch of median nerve. Supplies flexor digitorum proufundus, flexor pollicus longus and pronator. Injury caused by tight forearm cast

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20
Q

Radial nerve path

A

Passes medial to lateral in spiral groove of humerus. Passes anterior to lateral epicondyle. Terminates at superficial and deep branches

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21
Q

Muscles supplied by radial nerve

A

Triceps, brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus / brevis, Supinator, Extensor digitorum, Extensor digiti minimi, Extensor carpi ulnaris / radialis, Abductor pollicus longus, Extensor pollicus brevis / longus, Extensor indicis, (BEST)

22
Q

Musculocutaneous Nerve Origin

A

Branch of lateral cord

23
Q

Muscles of musculocutaneous nerve

A

Coracobrachialis, Biceps brachii, Brachialis (BBC)

24
Q

Musculocutaneous nerve injury

A

Weak elbow flexion / supination

25
Q

Erb’s Palsy

A

C5/6 lesion resulting in pronation and medial rotation.

26
Q

Origin of Subclavian

A

Right: Brachiocephalic
Left: Aorta

27
Q

Branches of Subclavian

A

Internal Thoracic, Vertebral, Thyrocervical trunk, Costocervical trunk, Doorsal Scapular Artery

28
Q

End of subclavian artery

A

Border of first rib

29
Q

Branches of thyrocervical trunk

A

Inferior thyroid, Supra-scapular, Transverse cervical

30
Q

Borders of axillary artery

A

Start: First rib
End: Lower border trees minor

31
Q

Brachial Artery Path

A

Begins lower border trees minor

Passes medial to biceps tendon

32
Q

Profunda Brachii Supply

A

Deltoid and triceps

33
Q

Profunda Brachii Path

A

Follows radial nerve along humeral groove to reach lateral epicondyle

34
Q

Deltoid Muscle

A 
Origin: Lateral clavical, acromion and scapula
Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Innervation: Axilary nerve
Artery: Ant + Post. Humeral Circumflex
Action: Shoulder abduction
35
Q

Brachioradialis

A 
Origin: Lateral humerus
Insertion: Distal radius
Innervation: Radial
Artery: Radial recurrent
Action: Elbow flexion
36
Q

Biceps

A

Origin: Coracoid process of scapula / Supraglenoid tubercle
Insertion: Radial tuberosity / Bicipital aponeurosis
Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve
Artery: Brachial
Action: Elbow flexion / Supination / Shoulder Abduction

37
Q

Triceps

A

Origin: Infra gelnoid tubercle / above/ below radial sulcus
Insertion: Olecranon of ulna
Innervation: Radial
Artery: Deep brachial
Action: Extends elbow / extends should / adducts arm

38
Q

Supinator

A 
Origin: Lateral humeral epicndule / ulna
Insertion: Lateral radial shaft
Innervation: Radial
Artery: Radial
Action: Supination
39
Q

Pronator Teres

A 
Origin: Humeral / Ulnar Head
Insertion: Middle / Lateral Radius
Innervation: Median
Artery: Ulnar
Action: Pronation
40
Q

Palmaris Longus

A 
Origin: Medial Epicondyle
Insertion: Palmar Aponeurosis
Innervation: Median
Artery: Ulnar
Action: Wrist flexion
41
Q

Coracobrachialis

A 
Origin: Coracoid process of scapula
Insertion: medial humerus
Innervation: Musculocutaneous
Artery: Brachial
Action: Adduction
42
Q

Infraspinatus

A 
Origin: Infraspinatous fossa of scapula
Insertion: Humeral greater tubercle
Innervation: Suprascapular nerve
Artery: Supra and circumflex scapular nerve
Action: Lateral rotation of shoulder
43
Q

Latissimus Dorsi

A

Origin: Spinous process of T7 to L5, Iliac crest
Insertion: Intertubercular groove of humerus
Innervation: Thoracodorsal
Artery: Subscabular
Action: Adducts, extends and internally rotates shoulder

44
Q

Pectoralis Minor

A 
Origin: Ribs 3-5
Insertion: Coracoid process of scapula
Innervation: Medial Pectoral
Artery: Thoracoacromial trunk
Action: Stablises scapula
45
Q

Pectoralis Major

A 
Origin: Clavicular and sternocostal head
Insertion: Bicipital groove of humerus
Innervation: Lateral and medial pectoral nerve (brachial plexus)
Artery: Thoracoacromial trunk
Action: Flexes and extends humerus
46
Q

Subscapularis

A 
Origin: Subscapular fossa
Insertion: Humeral lesser tubercle
Innervation: Upper/Lower Subscapular nerve
Artery: Subscapular
Action: Shoulder internal rotation
47
Q

Supraspinatous

A 
Origin: Supraspinatous Fossa
Insertion: Humeral greater tubercle
Innervation: Suprascapular
Artery: Suprascapular
Action: Abduction
48
Q

Teres Major

A 
Origin: Inferior scapular
Insertion: Intertubecular Sulcus
Innervation: Subscapular nerve
Artery: Subscapular
Action: Internal rotation
49
Q

Teres Minor

A 
Origin: Lateral scapular
Insertion: Greater tubercle
Innervation: Axillary
Artery: Posterior circumflex humeral
Action: External rotation
50
Q

Anconeus

A 
Origin: Lateral Epicondyle
Insertion: Olecranon of ulna
Innervation: Radial
Artery: Brachial
Action: Assists with extension of elbow

MRCS B (7 decks)

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