Definitions Flashcards
Aneurysm
Abnormal localised dilation of a blood vessel to more than 1.5 times its normal diameter
Amyloidosis
Deposition of abnormal fibrillar proteins in extracellular tissue forming a rigid sheet like structure.
True aneurysm vs False Aneurysm
True: All three layers (Intima Media Adventitia) False: Bounded by only part of the vessel wall
Aortic Dissection
Forceful sepration of aortic wall layers tue to tear in intima
Definition of Ascites
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
Atherosclerosis
Pathaogical process of the vasculature in which an artery wall thickens as a result of the accumulation of fatty materials such as cholesterol
Abscess
Collection of pus surrounded by granulation tissue
Pain
Acute sensory and emotional response to actual or potential tissue damage
Neuropathic pain
Pain resulting from damage to pain signalling pathway
Abscess
Collection of pus surrounded by granulation or fibrous tissue
Pus
Collection of neutrophils together with dead or dying micro-organisms
Cyst
Abnormal membranous sac containing liquid or semi-solid substance lined by epithelial or endothelial cells
Psudocyst
Similar to a cyst but lacking the epithelial / endothelial lining
Sinus
Blind ending tract lined by granulation tissue normally connecting an abscess to the skin
Stoma
Surgical opening into a hollow viscus
Aneurysm
Abnormal permanent localised dilation f a blood vessel to > 1.5x its normal diameter
Diverticula
Abnormal outpouching of a hollow viscus into surrounding tissues
Thrombus
Solid material formed from the constituents of blood in flowing blood
Clot
Solid material formed from the constituents of blood in stationary blood
Embolus
Abnormal mass of undissolved material carried in the blood stream from one place to another
Necrosis
Abnormal tissue death occurring during life
Hypersensitivity Reactions
Exaggerated response of host immune system to particular stimuli
Tumour Marker
Substance found in the circulation of a patient with neoplasia used for diagnosis or disease monitoring
Polyp
Pedunculate mass of tissue arising from an epithelial surface
Neoplasm
Abnormal growth of tissue developing in an uncoordinated manner exceeding normal tissue growth and continues despite removal of original stimulus
Hyperplasia
Increase in size of organ due to increase in number of cells present. Cells are of normal size and morphology.
Hypertrophy
Increase in size of organ due to increase in size of cells present. Number of cells and morphology remain same.
Hamartoma
Tumour like malformation of disorganiased arrangement of different amounts of tissue grown under normal controls
Metaplasia
Reversible replacement of one type of differentiated cell with another
Dysplasia
Disordered cellular development characterised by increase mitosis and pleomorphism without ability to invade basement membrane and metastasise
Carcinoma
Malignant tumour of epithelial cells
Sarcoma
Malignant tumour of connective tissue
Metastasis
Survival and growth of cells that have migrated from a malignant tumour to a distant site
Granuloma
Collection of epithelioid macrophages
Granuloatmous Inflammation
Chronic inflammation characterised by presence of epithelioid macrophages fused to form giant (Langerhan’s) cells
Fistula
Abnormal communication between two epithelial surfaces that is lined with granulation tissue
Respiration
Transport of oxygen from air to tissue cells and transport of Co2 from tissue to air
Breathing
Process of moving air in and out of lungs
Respiratory failure
Failure of gas exchange resulting in hypoxaemia or hypercapneia
Type 1 - Hypoxaemia only Type 2 - Hypoxaemia and Hypercapneia
DIC
Pathological activation of blood coagulation resulting in combined fibrin production and fibrinolysis consumption of coagulation factors and microvascular thrombi
Apoptosis
Programmed cell death producing apoptotic bodies that are phagocytes without creating inflammatory reaction requires energy
Hamartoma
Tumour-like malformation consisting of disorganised arrangement of tissues normally found at site. e.g. Haemangiomas Lipomas Peutz-Jehers.
Metaplasia
Revesible conversion of one fully differentiated cell type from one sub-group to another. Eg Aden- -> Squamous in GORD
Ulcer
Abnormal discontinuation of a mucous membrane
Dermoid Cyst
Cystic teratoma containing mature tissues
Sebaceous Cyst
Closed cyst below skin surface filled with sebum and possessing a central punctum
Nosocomial Infection
Hospital acquired infection.
