Upper limb anatomy

Question 1

Which 2 bones make up the Pectoral Girdle

Answer 1

Scapula + Clavicle

Question 2

What is the joint where the clavicle joins to the sternum

Answer 2

Sternoclavicular joint

Question 3

which joint of the clavicle joins to the scapula

Answer 3

Acromioclavicular joint

Question 4

Which end of the clavicle is flat and broad

Answer 4

Acromial end

Question 5

What is the end of the clavicle that attaches to the sternum

Answer 5

Sternal end

Question 6

How many fossa does the scapula have and what are their names

Answer 6

3 - Supraspinous fossa on superior posterior, Infraspinous fossa on middle of posterior, Subscapular fossa on mid anterior

Question 7

What are the 4 muscles of the rotator cuff

Answer 7

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, teres minor

Question 8

what are the major muscle of the flexor compartment of the arm

Answer 8

long and short head of Biceps Brachii and Brachialis muscle

Question 9

What are the extensor muscle and tendons of the arm

Answer 9

Lateral and long head if triceps brachii and triceps brachial tendon

Question 10

where is the brachialis muscle

Answer 10

underlying the biceps long head (lateral)

Question 11

Where is the Coracobrachialis muscle

Answer 11

running up the medial side of the biceps short head (medial) and attaches to to humerus

Question 12

what are the 2 insertion points of the triceps brachii

Answer 12

infraglenoid tuberose of scapula (long head), and P surface of humerus (lateral and medial head)

Question 13

where does the triceps brachii insert

Answer 13

olecranon of ulna

Question 14

What are the 3 groups of muscles of the anterior forearm

Answer 14

Superficial anterior forearm, intermediate anterior forearm and Deep anterior forearm

Question 15

how many roots does the brachial plexus have and where do they originate

Answer 15

5 and they originat from the C5-C8T1 spinal nerves

Question 16

How many trunks of the brachial plexus and where are they positioned

Answer 16

3 - after roots and before divisions

Question 17

How many divisions in the brachial plexus and where are they positioned

Answer 17

6 - after trunks before cords

Question 18

How many cords of brachial plexus and where are they located

Answer 18

3 - after divisions and before terminal branches

Question 19

How many nerves/ terminal branches does the brachial plexus have

Answer 19

5

Question 20

What does the median terminal branch of BP innervate?

Answer 20

Motor: flexor of forearm, thenar eminence (mound at base of thumb), 2 lateral lumbricals
Sensory: lateral 3½ digits, palm, dorsal fingertips in lateral 3½

Question 21

What does the ulna terminal branch of BP innervate?

Answer 21

Motor: flexor carpi ulnaris & flexor digitorum profundus, all of hand except what median innervates
sensory: medial 1½ fingers and associated palm

Question 22

What does the axillary terminal branch of BP innervate?

Answer 22

Motor- posterior compartment of arm and forearm
sensory- patch on lateral aspect of superior arm

Question 23

What does the radial terminal branch of BP innervate?

Answer 23

Motor- posterior compartment of forearm and arm
sensory- posterior aspect of forearm, lateral aspect of dorsum of hand and dorsal surface of lateral 3 1/2 digits

Question 24

What does the Musculocutaneous terminal branch of BP innervate?

Answer 24

Motor- flexor compartment of arm
Sensory - lateral cutaneous aspect of forearm

Question 25

What are the bones of the forearm and how are they positioned

Answer 25

Radius (lateral) - head is disc
ulna (medial) - inserts into humerus via olecranon process

Question 26

What are the bones of the hand from the finger tips to wrist

Answer 26

Distal, middle then proximal phalanx, metacarpal, carpal bones

Question 27

What are the joints of the hand from the fingertips to the wrist

Answer 27

Distal and proximal interphalangeal joint, metacarpophalangeal joint in the fingers and interphalangeal joint and metacarpophalangeal joint in the thumb then carpometacarpal join, midcarpal joint and radiocarpal joint

Question 28

what’s the shoulder joint called

Answer 28

glenohumeral joint

Question 29

what type of joint is the glenohumeral joint

Answer 29

multiaxial synovial ball and socket joint - wide range of motion, little stability (comes from muscles and ligaments)

Question 30

what is the glenoid labrum

Answer 30

• intracapsular structure lining the margin of the glenoid cavity
• improves fit of joint and has triangular fibrocartilage

Question 31

What are the movements of the elbow joint

Answer 31

• hinge like flexion and extension
• pronation (palm downward) and supination (palm upward)

Question 32

what are the membranes of the elbow joint

Answer 32

Synovial membrane and Fibrous membrane

Question 33

how is the synovial membrane separated from the fibrous membrane

Answer 33

fat pads which accommodate the radial head and coronoid during flexion and accommodates the olecranon fossa during extension

Question 34

What is the fibrous membrane of the elbow and what does it do

Answer 34

overlies synovial membrane and encloses joint, thickened medially and laterally to form collateral ligaments (radial and ulna collateral), pronation and supination supported by the annular ligament

Question 35

What movement occurs at the wrist

Answer 35

flexion / extension, radial / ulnar deviation, add/abduction

Question 36

What type of joint is the wrist joint

Answer 36

Synovial, condyloid joint

Question 37

What are the arteries of the upper limb

Answer 37

• Subclavian artery; branches of brachiocephalic artery up to lateral border of 1st rib
• Axillary artery; from lateral border of 1st rib to lowed border of teres major
• brachial artery; teres major to bifurcation into ulnar and radial arteries
• radial and ulnar arteries travel into hand on opposite sides of forearm

Question 38

What are the 6 divisions of the axillary artery

Answer 38

• Superior thoracic (Prox to PM)
• Thoraco-acromial & lateral thoracic (pos to PM)
• Subscapular, anterior circumflex humeral, posterior circumflex humeral (Distal to PM)