Upper limb anatomy Flashcards
Which 2 bones make up the Pectoral Girdle
Scapula + Clavicle
What is the joint where the clavicle joins to the sternum
Sternoclavicular joint
which joint of the clavicle joins to the scapula
Acromioclavicular joint
Which end of the clavicle is flat and broad
Acromial end
What is the end of the clavicle that attaches to the sternum
Sternal end
How many fossa does the scapula have and what are their names
3 - Supraspinous fossa on superior posterior, Infraspinous fossa on middle of posterior, Subscapular fossa on mid anterior
What are the 4 muscles of the rotator cuff
Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, teres minor
what are the major muscle of the flexor compartment of the arm
long and short head of Biceps Brachii and Brachialis muscle
What are the extensor muscle and tendons of the arm
Lateral and long head if triceps brachii and triceps brachial tendon
where is the brachialis muscle
underlying the biceps long head (lateral)
Where is the Coracobrachialis muscle
running up the medial side of the biceps short head (medial) and attaches to to humerus
what are the 2 insertion points of the triceps brachii
infraglenoid tuberose of scapula (long head), and P surface of humerus (lateral and medial head)
where does the triceps brachii insert
olecranon of ulna
What are the 3 groups of muscles of the anterior forearm
Superficial anterior forearm, intermediate anterior forearm and Deep anterior forearm
how many roots does the brachial plexus have and where do they originate
5 and they originat from the C5-C8T1 spinal nerves
How many trunks of the brachial plexus and where are they positioned
3 - after roots and before divisions
How many divisions in the brachial plexus and where are they positioned
6 - after trunks before cords
How many cords of brachial plexus and where are they located
3 - after divisions and before terminal branches
How many nerves/ terminal branches does the brachial plexus have
5
What does the median terminal branch of BP innervate?
Motor: flexor of forearm, thenar eminence (mound at base of thumb), 2 lateral lumbricals
Sensory: lateral 3½ digits, palm, dorsal fingertips in lateral 3½
What does the ulna terminal branch of BP innervate?
Motor: flexor carpi ulnaris & flexor digitorum profundus, all of hand except what median innervates
sensory: medial 1½ fingers and associated palm
What does the axillary terminal branch of BP innervate?
Motor- posterior compartment of arm and forearm
sensory- patch on lateral aspect of superior arm
What does the radial terminal branch of BP innervate?
Motor- posterior compartment of forearm and arm
sensory- posterior aspect of forearm, lateral aspect of dorsum of hand and dorsal surface of lateral 3 1/2 digits
What does the Musculocutaneous terminal branch of BP innervate?
Motor- flexor compartment of arm
Sensory - lateral cutaneous aspect of forearm
What are the bones of the forearm and how are they positioned
Radius (lateral) - head is disc
ulna (medial) - inserts into humerus via olecranon process
What are the bones of the hand from the finger tips to wrist
Distal, middle then proximal phalanx, metacarpal, carpal bones
What are the joints of the hand from the fingertips to the wrist
Distal and proximal interphalangeal joint, metacarpophalangeal joint in the fingers and interphalangeal joint and metacarpophalangeal joint in the thumb then carpometacarpal join, midcarpal joint and radiocarpal joint
what’s the shoulder joint called
glenohumeral joint
what type of joint is the glenohumeral joint
multiaxial synovial ball and socket joint - wide range of motion, little stability (comes from muscles and ligaments)
what is the glenoid labrum
- intracapsular structure lining the margin of the glenoid cavity
- improves fit of joint and has triangular fibrocartilage
What are the movements of the elbow joint
- hinge like flexion and extension
- pronation (palm downward) and supination (palm upward)
what are the membranes of the elbow joint
Synovial membrane and Fibrous membrane
how is the synovial membrane separated from the fibrous membrane
fat pads which accommodate the radial head and coronoid during flexion and accommodates the olecranon fossa during extension
What is the fibrous membrane of the elbow and what does it do
overlies synovial membrane and encloses joint, thickened medially and laterally to form collateral ligaments (radial and ulna collateral), pronation and supination supported by the annular ligament
What movement occurs at the wrist
flexion / extension, radial / ulnar deviation, add/abduction
What type of joint is the wrist joint
Synovial, condyloid joint
What are the arteries of the upper limb
- Subclavian artery; branches of brachiocephalic artery up to lateral border of 1st rib
- Axillary artery; from lateral border of 1st rib to lowed border of teres major
- brachial artery; teres major to bifurcation into ulnar and radial arteries
- radial and ulnar arteries travel into hand on opposite sides of forearm
What are the 6 divisions of the axillary artery
- Superior thoracic (Prox to PM)
- Thoraco-acromial & lateral thoracic (pos to PM)
- Subscapular, anterior circumflex humeral, posterior circumflex humeral (Distal to PM)
