Lower limb anatomy Flashcards
Name the 4 structures of the pelvic girdle (3 bones of hip) and where they are positioned
Sacrum - base of vertebral column, Illium - superior wing like structure
Pubis - medial bone
Ischium - inferior bone
What are the 4 features of the femur
Head, neck, trochanters (bumps near neck where muscles bind), Condyles (smooth articulating surface with tibia)
What are the features of the tibia
tibial plateau - superior aspect of tibia where femur joins
tibial tuberosity - anterior bump on proximal end
medial malleolus - bony bump on medial side of ankle
what are the features of the fibula
Head - doesn’t contribute to knee sit below tibia
Lateral malleolus - latera; bump of ankle
important to ankle stability
What are the bones of the foot
tarsals (7 bones including talus and calcaneus), metatarsals, distal, middle and proximal phalanges (prox and dist in big toe)
What type of joint is the hip joint and what are its features and mobility
- synovial - lots of bony contact
- contact - head of femur and acetabulum (socket) deepened by acetabulum labrum
- multiaxial movement
- has joint capsule which seals it off
Describe the knee joint type, contact, and movements
- hinge synovial joint (modified hinge)
- contact with condyles of femur and tibial plateau
- movements: uniaxial (flex/exten) subtle rotation for knee locking
what connective tissue is involved in the knee joint
- Medial and lateral meniscus - deepens surface of tibia and increase stability
- fibular (L) and tibial (M) collateral ligament
- A cruciate ligament (ACL) - stabilises knee (tibia and femur)
What type of joint is the ankle
Synovial hinge
what boney contact does the ankle joint have
mortise - tib/fib
trochlea - talus
what are the movements of the ankle joint
uniaxial
- plantaflexion - toes towards ground
-Dorsiflexion - toes upwards
What are the ligaments of the ankle
Medial deltoid ligaments - combination of ligaments forming triangular shape
Lateral ligaments - 3 separate ligaments (anterior talofibular ligament damaged in sprained ankle)
What are the 2 intertarsal joints
subtalar and transverse tarsal- synovial, plane/ saddle joint
Movements of intertarsal joints
inversion and eversion
What are the muscles of the posterior gluteal region
gluteus maximus (major extensor of hip) , minimus and medius (abductors)
small adductors and external rotators
How are the muscles of the thigh separated
compartments A/P and L/M
what are the anterior muscles of the thigh
Quadriceps (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis , intermediate and medialis) and sartorius - facilitate flexion of hip and extension of knee
innervated by femoral nerve
What are the posterior muscles of the thigh
hamstrings (4 muscles) - extension at hip and flexion at knee
innervated by tibial component of sciatic nerve
what are the medial muscles of the thigh
adductor magnus muscle and gracillis
adduction of hip
innervated by obturator nerve
what are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg
Tibialis anterior
Extensor Hallucis longus (big toe)
Extensor digitorum (other toes)
Fibularis tertius (o - M fibula, I - dorsal of 5th metatarsal)
What are the muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg
Triceps surae - plantar and knee flexor
tibialis posterior
flexor hallucis longus- flexion of big toe
flexor digitorum longus- flexion of other toes
innervated by tibial nerve
what are the lateral muscles of the leg
fibularis longus and brevis
plantaflexion at ankle and eversion
innervated by superficial branch of common fibular
what nerves supply to the thigh
Lumbar plexus splits into sciatic, femoral and obturator nerves
What does the Sciatic nerve supply
posterior compartment of thigh and much of leg
What does the Femoral nerve supply
anterior and medial surfaces of the thigh
what does the obturator nerve supply
medial muscles of thigh
What nerves supply the leg
common, deep and superficial fibular nerve, tibial nerve
What arteries supply blood to the thigh
deep femoral/ femoral artery - branches into popliteal posterior to knee
What arteries supply blood to the leg
popliteal artery splits into A & P tibial artery
Fibular artery branches of P tibial
