Axes and imaging Flashcards
What plane splits the body front to back
Sagittal plane
which way do palms face in anatomical position
forwards/ anteriorly
which plane cuts from left to right
Coronal plane
which plane cuts the body horizontally
Transverse plane
What is the head to the thorax
Superior
what is the thorax to the head
inferior
what is the breast to the lung
anterior/ ventral also superficial
what is the thumb to the little finger
lateral
what is the spine to the breast
posterior/ dorsal
what is the little finger to the thumb
medial
what is the humerus to the ulna
proximal
what is the radius to the humerus
distal
what are the ribs to the lung
superficial
what are the lungs to the ribs
deep
In the body above the knee anterior movement is called
flexion
in the body above the knee posterior movement is called
extension
below the knee anterior movement is called
extension
below the knee posterior movement is called
flexion
movement laterally away from the midline is called
abduction
movement medially towards midline is called
adduction
movement around a longitudinal axis towards the midline is called
medial rotation
movement around a longitudinal axis away from the midline is called
lateral rotation
what is the term for a windmill like motion which combines the other types of movement
circumduction
what are x rays usually used to image and how
dense tissue (bone) as when x-rays pass through subject the x-rays are detected by a film on the other side and the x-rays don’t penetrate the dense tissue
how can soft tissue be visualised by x-rays
contrast media eg. barium, iodine and other heavy metals - used to detect blockages in blood vessels and observe GI tract
what are CT scans and what are they used to image
- computerised tomography scans use x-rays in a rotating tube with guns and detectors
- image is reconstructed by a computer can measure soft and dense tissue with dense tissue still the brightest
- 3D reconstruction possible
what is MRI imaging and how are they used
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging uses radio waves and nucleus magnetic resonance of hydrogen nuclei (detects water in tissues)
-computer generated
-high resolution visualisation of soft tissues and ligaments
-subject must stay still for long periods
What are ultrasounds and how are the used
- gives out and records reflections of ultrasonic waves
- often used for foetuses in pregnancy
- safe and accessible but low resolution
