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Gross Anatomy > Upper Limb > Flashcards

Upper Limb Flashcards

0
Q

Main actions of Pectoralis major

A

Adducts and medially rotates humerus; draws scapula anteriorly and inferiorly
Acting alone: clavicular head flexes humerus and sternocostal head extends it from the flexed position

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1
Q

Deltopectoral groove

A

Formed by the pectoralis major and adjacent deltoid; where the cephalic vein runs

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2
Q

Medial attachment of pectoralis major

A

Clavicular head: anterior surface of the medial half of the clavicle
Sternocostal head: anterior surface of the sternumn, superior 6 costal cartilages, aponeurosis of external oblique muscle

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3
Q

Lateral attachment of pectoralis major

A

Lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus (groove) of humerus

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4
Q

Innervation of pectoralis major

A 
Lateral and medial pectoral nerves; 
clavicular head (C5, C6), sternocostal head (C6, C7, C8)
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5
Q

Medial attachment of pectoralis minor

A

3rd-5th ribs near their costal cartilages

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6
Q

Lateral attachment of pectoralis minor

A

Medial border and superior surface of coracoid process of scapula

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7
Q

Innervation of pectoralis minor

A

Medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1)

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8
Q

Main actions of pectoralis minor

A

Stabilizes scapula by drawing inferiorly and anteriorly against thoracic wall

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9
Q

Medial attachment of subclavius

A

Junction of 1st rib and its costal cartilage

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10
Q

Lateral attachment of subclavius

A

Inferior surface of middle third of clavicle

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11
Q

Innervation of subclavius

A

Subclavian nerve (C5, C6)

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12
Q

Main actions of subclavius

A

Anchors and depresses clavicle

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13
Q

Medial attachment of serratus anterior

A

External surfaces of lateral parts of 1st-8th ribs

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14
Q

Lateral attachments of serratus anterior

A

Anterior surface of medial border of scapula

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15
Q

Innervation of serratus anterior

A

Long thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7)

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16
Q

Main actions of serratus anterior

A

Protracts scapula and holds against thoracic wall; rotates scapula

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17
Q

Coracohumeral ligament

A

Strong band that passes from the base of the coracoid process to the anterior aspect of the greater tubercle, strengthens the capsule superiorly

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18
Q

Proximal attachment of deltoid

A

Lateral third of clavicle; acromion and spine of scapula

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19
Q

Distal attachment of deltoid

A

Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

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20
Q

Innervation of deltoid

A

Axillary nerve (C5, C6)

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21
Q

Main actions of deltiod

A

Clavicular (anterior) part flexes and medially rotates arm
Acromial (middle) part abducts arm
Spinal (posterior) part extends and laterally rotates arm

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22
Q

Proximal attachment of supraspinatus

A

Supraspinous fossa of scapula

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23
Q

Distal attachment of supraspinatus

A

Superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

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24
Q

Innervation of supraspinatus

A

Suprascapular nerve (C4, C5, C6)

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25
Q

Main actions of supraspinatus

A

Initiates and assists deltoid in abduction of arm and acts with other rotator cuff muscles

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26
Q

What is the position of the arm when all 3 muscles of the deltoid (clavicular, acromial, and spinal) contract simultaneously?

A

Arm is abducted

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27
Q

Proximal attachment of infraspinatus

A

Infraspinous fossa of scapula

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28
Q

Distal attachment of infraspinatus

A

Middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus

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29
Q

Innervation of infraspinatus

A

Suprascapular nerve (C5, C6)

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30
Q

Actions of infraspinatus

A

Laterally rotate arm; help hold humoral head in glenoid cavity of scapula

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31
Q

Proximal attachment of teres minor

A

Middle part of lateral border of scapula

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32
Q

Distal attachment of teres minor

A

Inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

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33
Q

Innervation of teres minor

A

Axillary nerve (C5, C6)

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34
Q

Main actions of teres minor

A

Laterally rotate arm; help hold humeral head in glenoid cavity of scapula

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35
Q

Proximal attachment of teres major

A

Posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula

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36
Q

Distal attachment of ters major

A

Medial lip of intertubercular groove of humerus

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37
Q

Innervation of teres major

A

Lower subscapular nerve (C5, C6)

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38
Q

Main action of teres major

A

Adducts and medially rotates arm

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39
Q

Proximal attachment of subscapularis

A

Subscapular fossa (most anterior surface of scapula)

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40
Q

Distal attachment of subscapularis

A

Lesser tubercle of humerus

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41
Q

Innervation of subscapularis

A

Upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5, C6, C7)

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42
Q

Main action of subscapularis

A

Medially rotates and adducts arm; helps hold humeral head in glenoid cavity

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43
Q

3rd part of axillary artery

A

Lateral border of pectoralis minor

Inferior border of teres major

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44
Q

Internal thoracic artery

A

Origin: inferior surface of first part of subclavian artery
Course: descends inclining anteriomedially, posterior to sternal end of clavicle and 1st costal cartilage; enters thorax to descend in parasternal plane; gives rise to perforating branches, anterior intercostal, musculophernic, and superior epigastric arteries

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45
Q

Supraclavicular nerves (C3, C4)

A

Pass anterior to the clavicle, immediately deep to the platysma
Supply the skin over the clavicle and the superolateral aspect of the pectoralis major

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46
Q

Posterior cutaneous nerve of the arm (C5-C6)

A

A branch of the radial nerve

Supplies the skin on the posterior surface of the arm

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47
Q

Posterior cutaneous nerve of the forearm (C5-C8)

A

A branch of the radial nerve

Supplies the skin on the posterior surface of the forearm

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48
Q

Superior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm (C5, C6)

A

Terminal branch of the axillary nerve
Emerges from beneath the posterior margin of the deltoid to supply the skin over the lower part of this muscle and on the lateral side of the midarm

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49
Q

Inferior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm (C5, C6)

A

Branch of the radial nerve
Supplies the skin over the inferolateral aspect of the arm
It is frequently a branch of the posterior cutaneous nerve of the forearm

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50
Q

Lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm (C6, C7)

A

Terminal branch of the musculocutaneous nerve

Supplies the skin on the lateral side of the forearm

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51
Q

Medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm (C8, T2)

A

Arises from the medial cord of the brachial plexus
Often uniting in the axilla with the lateral cutaneous branch of the second intercostal nerve
Supplies the skin on the medial side of the arm

52
Q

Intercostalbrachial nerve (T2)

A

Lateral cutaneous branch of second intercostal nerve

Contributes to the innervation of the skin on the medial surface of the arm

53
Q

Medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm (C8, T1)

A

Arises from the medial cord of the brachial plexus

Supplies the skin on the anterior and medial surfaces of the forearm

54
Q

Perforating veins

A

Form communications between the superficial and deep veins

55
Q

Muscle used to when stretching the upper limb forward to touch an object that is just out of reach

A

Pectoralis minor

56
Q

Weakness of this muscle causes drooping of the shoulders

A

Trapezius

57
Q

Clavipectoral (deltopectoral) triangle

A

Is the slightly depressed area just inferior to the lateral part of the clavicle
Bounded by the clavicle superiorly, deltoid laterally, and the clavicular head of pectoralis major medially

58
Q

Causes the 2 heads of the pectoralis major to be visible and palpable

A

When the arm is abducted and then adducted against resistance

59
Q

Covers the contour of the shoulder

A

Deltoid

60
Q

1st part of the axillary artery

A

Located between the lateral border of the 1st rib and the medial border of the pectoralis minor
It is enclosed in the axillary sheath
It has 1 branch: the superior thoracic artery

61
Q

2nd part of the axillary artery

A

Lies posterior to the pectoralis minor
Has 2 branches:
thoracoacromial artery (passes medial to muscle)
lateral thoracic artery (passes lateral to the muscle)

62
Q

3rd part of the axillary artery

A

Extends from the lateral border of the pectoralis minor to the inferior border of the teres major
Has 3 branches:
Subscapular artery (largest branch of axillary artery)
Anterior circumflex humeral artery
Posterior circumflex humeral artery

63
Q

Proximal attachment of biceps brachii

A

Short head: tip of coracoid process of scapula

Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

64
Q

Distal attachment of biceps brachii

A

Radial tuberosity

Fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis

65
Q

Innervation of biceps brachii

A

Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6)

66
Q

Main action of biceps brachii

A

Supinates forearm
When supinated, flexes forearm
Flexes arm
Short head: resists dislocation of the shoulder

67
Q

Proximal attachment of brachialis

A

Distal half of anterior surface of humerus

68
Q

Distal attachment brachialis

A

Coronoid process

Ulnar tuberosity

69
Q

Innervation of brachialis

A

Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6)

70
Q

Main action of brachialis

A

Flexes forearm in all positions

71
Q

Proximal attachment of Coracobrachialis

A

Tip of coracoid process of scapula

72
Q

Distal attachment of coracobrachialis

A

Middle third of medial surface of humerus

73
Q

Innervation of coracobrachialis

A

Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6, C7)

74
Q

Main action of coracobrachialis

A

Helps flex and adduct arm

Resists dislocation of shoulder

75
Q

Proximal attachment of triceps brachii

A

Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Lateral head: posterior surface of humerus, superior to radial groove
Medial head: posterior surface of humerus, inferior to radial groove

76
Q

Distal attachment of triceps brachii

A

Proximal end of olecranon of ulna

fascia of forearm

77
Q

Innervation of triceps brachii

A

Radial nerve (C6, C7, C8)

78
Q

Main action of triceps brachii

A

Chief extensor of forearm

Long head: extends arm and resists dislocation of humerus (especially important during abduction)

79
Q

Proximal attachment anconeus

A

Lateral epicondyle of humerus

80
Q

Distal attachment of anconeus

A

Lateral surface of olecranon

superior part of posterior surface of ulna

81
Q

Innervation of anconeus

A

Radial nerve (C7, C8, T1)

82
Q

Main actions of anconeus

A

Assists triceps in extending forearm
Stabilizes elbow joint
Abducts ulna during pronation

83
Q

Transverse humeral ligament

A

Passes from the lesser to the greater tubercle of the humerus and converts the intertubercular groove into a canal for the tendon of the long head of the biceps

84
Q

Bicipital aponeurosis

A

Triangular membrane
Runs from the biceps tendon across the cubital fossa and merges with the antebrachial (deep) fascia covering the flexor,uncles in the medial side of the forearm

85
Q

Brachialis

A 
Fusiform muscle, flattened 
Lies posterior (deep) to the biceps
86
Q

Brachial artery

A

Begins at the inferior border of the teres major
Ends in the cubital fossa opposite the neck of the radius under of the bicipital aponeurosis, where it divides into the radial and ulnar arteries
Lies anterior to the triceps and brachialis

87
Q

Ulnar nerve

A

Arises from the medial cord of the brachial plexus

Conveying fiber mainly from the C8 and T1 nerves

88
Q

Cubital fossa

A

Shallow depression on the anterior surface of the elbow
Boundaries:
Superiorly- an imaginary line connecting the medial and lateral epicondyles
Medially- pronator teres
Laterally- brachioradialis

89
Q

Floor of cubital fossa

A

Formed by brachialis and supinator muscles

90
Q

Roof of cubital fossa

A

Brachial and antebrachial fascia

91
Q

Superior trunk of brachial plexus

A

From the union of C5 and C6 roots

92
Q

Middle trunk of brachial plexus

A

Continuation of the C7 root

93
Q

Inferior trunk of brachial plexus

A

From the union of the C8 and T1 roots

94
Q

Lateral cord of brachial plexus

A

Formed by the union of the anterior divisions of superior and middle trunks

95
Q

Medial cord of brachial plexus

A

Continuation of the anterior division of the inferior trunk

96
Q

Posterior cord of brachial plexus

A

Formed from the union of the posterior divisions of all 3 trunks

97
Q

Branches of the supraclavicular part of the brachial plexus

A

Arise from the roots (anterior rami) and the trunks of the plexus (dorsal scapular nerve, long thoracic nerve, nerve to the subclavius, and suprascapular nerve) and are approachable through the neck. Muscular branches arise from the anterior rami of C5-T1 to supply the scalenes and longus colli muscles

98
Q

What does the dorsal scapular nerve innervate?

A

Rhomboids and levator scapulae

99
Q

A musculocutaneous nerve injury would result in what

A

Paralysis of the coracobrachialis, biceps, and brachialis. Consequently, flexion of the elbow and supination of the forearm are greatly weakened. Loss of sensation may occur on lateral surface of forearm supplied by the lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm

100
Q

Sternoclavicular (sc) joint

A

Synovial articulation between the sternal end of the clavicle and the manubrium of the sternum and the first costal rib.

101
Q

The axillary nerve is a direct branch of the:

A

Posterior cord

102
Q

The anterior axillary fold is formed by:

A

Pectoralis major

103
Q

Medial attachment of trapezius

A

Medial third of superior nuchal line
EOP
Nuchal ligament
Spinous processes of C7-T12

104
Q

Lateral attachment of trapezius

A

Lateral third of clavicle

Acromion and spine of scapula

105
Q

Innervation of trapezius

A

CN XI

C3,C4

106
Q

Main actions of trapezius

A

Superior: elevates
Inferior: depresses
Middle: retracts

107
Q

Nerve that goes through scapula notch deep to transverse scapular ligament

A

Suprascapular nerve

Origin: superior trunk, receiving fibers from C5, C6, C4

108
Q

Arteries that supply the glenohumeral joint

A

Anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries and branches of subscapular artery

109
Q

Nerves that supply the glenohumeral joint

A

Suprascapular, axillary, and lateral pectoral nerves

110
Q

What runs under the clavicle

A

Axillary artery and axillary nerve

111
Q

Nerve that enters are posterior to the brachial artery, medial to the humerus, and anterior to the long head of the triceps.

A

Radial nerve

112
Q

Dermatome for pinky

A

C8

113
Q

Branch(es) of the 1st part of axillary artery

A

Superior thoracic

114
Q

C5, C6, C7 keep the wings from heaven

A

Long thoracic nerve innervates serratus anterior

115
Q

axillary artery

A

Begins at the lateral border of the first rib as the continuation of the subclavian artery
Ends at the inferior border of the teres major
It passes posterior to the pectoralis minor into the arm and becomes the brachial artery when it passes distal to the inferior border of the teres minor

116
Q

What forms the floor of the cubital fossa

A

Brachialis and supinator muscles

117
Q

Originates at lateral supra-epicondylar ridge of humerus

A

Brachioradialis

Extensor capris Radialis longus

118
Q

Contents of triangular space

A

Circumflex scapular artery

119
Q

Boundaries of triangular space

A

Teres major

Teres minor

120
Q

Boundaries of triceps hiatus

A

Triceps brachii
Humerus
Teres major

121
Q

Contents of triceps hiatus

A

Deep artery of arm

Radial nerve

122
Q

Boundaries of quadrangular space

A

Teres major
Teres minor
Triceps brachii
Humerus

123
Q

Branch(es) of 2nd part of axillary artery

A

Lateral thoracic and thoracoacromial

124
Q

Branch(es) of the 3rd part of axillary

A

Anterior and posterior humeral circumflex artery and subscapular

125
Q

Origin of sternocleidomastoid

A

Mastoid process

Lateral half of superior nuchal line

126
Q

Insertion of sternocleidomastoid

A

Sternal head: anterior surface of manubrium

Clavicular head: superior surface of medial third of clavicle

127
Q

Contents of quadrangular space

A

Posterior circumflex humeral artery

Axillary nerve

128
Q

Branches of subscapular artery

A

Circumflex scapular and thoracodorsal arteries

Gross Anatomy (8 decks)

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