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Upper Limb Flashcards

0
Q

Main actions of Pectoralis major

A

Adducts and medially rotates humerus; draws scapula anteriorly and inferiorly
Acting alone: clavicular head flexes humerus and sternocostal head extends it from the flexed position

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1
Q

Deltopectoral groove

A

Formed by the pectoralis major and adjacent deltoid; where the cephalic vein runs

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2
Q

Medial attachment of pectoralis major

A

Clavicular head: anterior surface of the medial half of the clavicle
Sternocostal head: anterior surface of the sternumn, superior 6 costal cartilages, aponeurosis of external oblique muscle

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3
Q

Lateral attachment of pectoralis major

A

Lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus (groove) of humerus

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4
Q

Innervation of pectoralis major

A 
Lateral and medial pectoral nerves; 
clavicular head (C5, C6), sternocostal head (C6, C7, C8)
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5
Q

Medial attachment of pectoralis minor

A

3rd-5th ribs near their costal cartilages

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6
Q

Lateral attachment of pectoralis minor

A

Medial border and superior surface of coracoid process of scapula

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7
Q

Innervation of pectoralis minor

A

Medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1)

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8
Q

Main actions of pectoralis minor

A

Stabilizes scapula by drawing inferiorly and anteriorly against thoracic wall

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9
Q

Medial attachment of subclavius

A

Junction of 1st rib and its costal cartilage

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10
Q

Lateral attachment of subclavius

A

Inferior surface of middle third of clavicle

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11
Q

Innervation of subclavius

A

Subclavian nerve (C5, C6)

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12
Q

Main actions of subclavius

A

Anchors and depresses clavicle

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13
Q

Medial attachment of serratus anterior

A

External surfaces of lateral parts of 1st-8th ribs

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14
Q

Lateral attachments of serratus anterior

A

Anterior surface of medial border of scapula

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15
Q

Innervation of serratus anterior

A

Long thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7)

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16
Q

Main actions of serratus anterior

A

Protracts scapula and holds against thoracic wall; rotates scapula

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17
Q

Coracohumeral ligament

A

Strong band that passes from the base of the coracoid process to the anterior aspect of the greater tubercle, strengthens the capsule superiorly

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18
Q

Proximal attachment of deltoid

A

Lateral third of clavicle; acromion and spine of scapula

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19
Q

Distal attachment of deltoid

A

Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

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20
Q

Innervation of deltoid

A

Axillary nerve (C5, C6)

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21
Q

Main actions of deltiod

A

Clavicular (anterior) part flexes and medially rotates arm
Acromial (middle) part abducts arm
Spinal (posterior) part extends and laterally rotates arm

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22
Q

Proximal attachment of supraspinatus

A

Supraspinous fossa of scapula

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23
Q

Distal attachment of supraspinatus

A

Superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

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24
Innervation of supraspinatus
Suprascapular nerve (C4, C5, C6)
25
Main actions of supraspinatus
Initiates and assists deltoid in abduction of arm and acts with other rotator cuff muscles
26
What is the position of the arm when all 3 muscles of the deltoid (clavicular, acromial, and spinal) contract simultaneously?
Arm is abducted
27
Proximal attachment of infraspinatus
Infraspinous fossa of scapula
28
Distal attachment of infraspinatus
Middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus
29
Innervation of infraspinatus
Suprascapular nerve (C5, C6)
30
Actions of infraspinatus
Laterally rotate arm; help hold humoral head in glenoid cavity of scapula
31
Proximal attachment of teres minor
Middle part of lateral border of scapula
32
Distal attachment of teres minor
Inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
33
Innervation of teres minor
Axillary nerve (C5, C6)
34
Main actions of teres minor
Laterally rotate arm; help hold humeral head in glenoid cavity of scapula
35
Proximal attachment of teres major
Posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula
36
Distal attachment of ters major
Medial lip of intertubercular groove of humerus
37
Innervation of teres major
Lower subscapular nerve (C5, C6)
38
Main action of teres major
Adducts and medially rotates arm
39
Proximal attachment of subscapularis
Subscapular fossa (most anterior surface of scapula)
40
Distal attachment of subscapularis
Lesser tubercle of humerus
41
Innervation of subscapularis
Upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5, C6, C7)
42
Main action of subscapularis
Medially rotates and adducts arm; helps hold humeral head in glenoid cavity
43
3rd part of axillary artery
Lateral border of pectoralis minor | Inferior border of teres major
44
Internal thoracic artery
Origin: inferior surface of first part of subclavian artery Course: descends inclining anteriomedially, posterior to sternal end of clavicle and 1st costal cartilage; enters thorax to descend in parasternal plane; gives rise to perforating branches, anterior intercostal, musculophernic, and superior epigastric arteries
45
Supraclavicular nerves (C3, C4)
Pass anterior to the clavicle, immediately deep to the platysma Supply the skin over the clavicle and the superolateral aspect of the pectoralis major
46
Posterior cutaneous nerve of the arm (C5-C6)
A branch of the radial nerve | Supplies the skin on the posterior surface of the arm
47
Posterior cutaneous nerve of the forearm (C5-C8)
A branch of the radial nerve | Supplies the skin on the posterior surface of the forearm
48
Superior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm (C5, C6)
Terminal branch of the axillary nerve Emerges from beneath the posterior margin of the deltoid to supply the skin over the lower part of this muscle and on the lateral side of the midarm
49
Inferior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm (C5, C6)
Branch of the radial nerve Supplies the skin over the inferolateral aspect of the arm It is frequently a branch of the posterior cutaneous nerve of the forearm
50
Lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm (C6, C7)
Terminal branch of the musculocutaneous nerve | Supplies the skin on the lateral side of the forearm
51
Medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm (C8, T2)
Arises from the medial cord of the brachial plexus Often uniting in the axilla with the lateral cutaneous branch of the second intercostal nerve Supplies the skin on the medial side of the arm
52
Intercostalbrachial nerve (T2)
Lateral cutaneous branch of second intercostal nerve | Contributes to the innervation of the skin on the medial surface of the arm
53
Medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm (C8, T1)
Arises from the medial cord of the brachial plexus | Supplies the skin on the anterior and medial surfaces of the forearm
54
Perforating veins
Form communications between the superficial and deep veins
55
Muscle used to when stretching the upper limb forward to touch an object that is just out of reach
Pectoralis minor
56
Weakness of this muscle causes drooping of the shoulders
Trapezius
57
Clavipectoral (deltopectoral) triangle
Is the slightly depressed area just inferior to the lateral part of the clavicle Bounded by the clavicle superiorly, deltoid laterally, and the clavicular head of pectoralis major medially
58
Causes the 2 heads of the pectoralis major to be visible and palpable
When the arm is abducted and then adducted against resistance
59
Covers the contour of the shoulder
Deltoid
60
1st part of the axillary artery
Located between the lateral border of the 1st rib and the medial border of the pectoralis minor It is enclosed in the axillary sheath It has 1 branch: the superior thoracic artery
61
2nd part of the axillary artery
Lies posterior to the pectoralis minor Has 2 branches: thoracoacromial artery (passes medial to muscle) lateral thoracic artery (passes lateral to the muscle)
62
3rd part of the axillary artery
Extends from the lateral border of the pectoralis minor to the inferior border of the teres major Has 3 branches: Subscapular artery (largest branch of axillary artery) Anterior circumflex humeral artery Posterior circumflex humeral artery
63
Proximal attachment of biceps brachii
Short head: tip of coracoid process of scapula | Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
64
Distal attachment of biceps brachii
Radial tuberosity | Fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis
65
Innervation of biceps brachii
Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6)
66
Main action of biceps brachii
Supinates forearm When supinated, flexes forearm Flexes arm Short head: resists dislocation of the shoulder
67
Proximal attachment of brachialis
Distal half of anterior surface of humerus
68
Distal attachment brachialis
Coronoid process | Ulnar tuberosity
69
Innervation of brachialis
Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6)
70
Main action of brachialis
Flexes forearm in all positions
71
Proximal attachment of Coracobrachialis
Tip of coracoid process of scapula
72
Distal attachment of coracobrachialis
Middle third of medial surface of humerus
73
Innervation of coracobrachialis
Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6, C7)
74
Main action of coracobrachialis
Helps flex and adduct arm | Resists dislocation of shoulder
75
Proximal attachment of triceps brachii
Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula Lateral head: posterior surface of humerus, superior to radial groove Medial head: posterior surface of humerus, inferior to radial groove
76
Distal attachment of triceps brachii
Proximal end of olecranon of ulna | fascia of forearm
77
Innervation of triceps brachii
Radial nerve (C6, C7, C8)
78
Main action of triceps brachii
Chief extensor of forearm | Long head: extends arm and resists dislocation of humerus (especially important during abduction)
79
Proximal attachment anconeus
Lateral epicondyle of humerus
80
Distal attachment of anconeus
Lateral surface of olecranon | superior part of posterior surface of ulna
81
Innervation of anconeus
Radial nerve (C7, C8, T1)
82
Main actions of anconeus
Assists triceps in extending forearm Stabilizes elbow joint Abducts ulna during pronation
83
Transverse humeral ligament
Passes from the lesser to the greater tubercle of the humerus and converts the intertubercular groove into a canal for the tendon of the long head of the biceps
84
Bicipital aponeurosis
Triangular membrane Runs from the biceps tendon across the cubital fossa and merges with the antebrachial (deep) fascia covering the flexor,uncles in the medial side of the forearm
85
Brachialis
``` Fusiform muscle, flattened Lies posterior (deep) to the biceps ```
86
Brachial artery
Begins at the inferior border of the teres major Ends in the cubital fossa opposite the neck of the radius under of the bicipital aponeurosis, where it divides into the radial and ulnar arteries Lies anterior to the triceps and brachialis
87
Ulnar nerve
Arises from the medial cord of the brachial plexus | Conveying fiber mainly from the C8 and T1 nerves
88
Cubital fossa
Shallow depression on the anterior surface of the elbow Boundaries: Superiorly- an imaginary line connecting the medial and lateral epicondyles Medially- pronator teres Laterally- brachioradialis
89
Floor of cubital fossa
Formed by brachialis and supinator muscles
90
Roof of cubital fossa
Brachial and antebrachial fascia
91
Superior trunk of brachial plexus
From the union of C5 and C6 roots
92
Middle trunk of brachial plexus
Continuation of the C7 root
93
Inferior trunk of brachial plexus
From the union of the C8 and T1 roots
94
Lateral cord of brachial plexus
Formed by the union of the anterior divisions of superior and middle trunks
95
Medial cord of brachial plexus
Continuation of the anterior division of the inferior trunk
96
Posterior cord of brachial plexus
Formed from the union of the posterior divisions of all 3 trunks
97
Branches of the supraclavicular part of the brachial plexus
Arise from the roots (anterior rami) and the trunks of the plexus (dorsal scapular nerve, long thoracic nerve, nerve to the subclavius, and suprascapular nerve) and are approachable through the neck. Muscular branches arise from the anterior rami of C5-T1 to supply the scalenes and longus colli muscles
98
What does the dorsal scapular nerve innervate?
Rhomboids and levator scapulae
99
A musculocutaneous nerve injury would result in what
Paralysis of the coracobrachialis, biceps, and brachialis. Consequently, flexion of the elbow and supination of the forearm are greatly weakened. Loss of sensation may occur on lateral surface of forearm supplied by the lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm
100
Sternoclavicular (sc) joint
Synovial articulation between the sternal end of the clavicle and the manubrium of the sternum and the first costal rib.
101
The axillary nerve is a direct branch of the:
Posterior cord
102
The anterior axillary fold is formed by:
Pectoralis major
103
Medial attachment of trapezius
Medial third of superior nuchal line EOP Nuchal ligament Spinous processes of C7-T12
104
Lateral attachment of trapezius
Lateral third of clavicle | Acromion and spine of scapula
105
Innervation of trapezius
CN XI | C3,C4
106
Main actions of trapezius
Superior: elevates Inferior: depresses Middle: retracts
107
Nerve that goes through scapula notch deep to transverse scapular ligament
Suprascapular nerve | Origin: superior trunk, receiving fibers from C5, C6, C4
108
Arteries that supply the glenohumeral joint
Anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries and branches of subscapular artery
109
Nerves that supply the glenohumeral joint
Suprascapular, axillary, and lateral pectoral nerves
110
What runs under the clavicle
Axillary artery and axillary nerve
111
Nerve that enters are posterior to the brachial artery, medial to the humerus, and anterior to the long head of the triceps.
Radial nerve
112
Dermatome for pinky
C8
113
Branch(es) of the 1st part of axillary artery
Superior thoracic
114
C5, C6, C7 keep the wings from heaven
Long thoracic nerve innervates serratus anterior
115
axillary artery
Begins at the lateral border of the first rib as the continuation of the subclavian artery Ends at the inferior border of the teres major It passes posterior to the pectoralis minor into the arm and becomes the brachial artery when it passes distal to the inferior border of the teres minor
116
What forms the floor of the cubital fossa
Brachialis and supinator muscles
117
Originates at lateral supra-epicondylar ridge of humerus
Brachioradialis | Extensor capris Radialis longus
118
Contents of triangular space
Circumflex scapular artery
119
Boundaries of triangular space
Teres major | Teres minor
120
Boundaries of triceps hiatus
Triceps brachii Humerus Teres major
121
Contents of triceps hiatus
Deep artery of arm | Radial nerve
122
Boundaries of quadrangular space
Teres major Teres minor Triceps brachii Humerus
123
Branch(es) of 2nd part of axillary artery
Lateral thoracic and thoracoacromial
124
Branch(es) of the 3rd part of axillary
Anterior and posterior humeral circumflex artery and subscapular
125
Origin of sternocleidomastoid
Mastoid process | Lateral half of superior nuchal line
126
Insertion of sternocleidomastoid
Sternal head: anterior surface of manubrium | Clavicular head: superior surface of medial third of clavicle
127
Contents of quadrangular space
Posterior circumflex humeral artery | Axillary nerve
128
Branches of subscapular artery
Circumflex scapular and thoracodorsal arteries

Gross Anatomy (8 decks)

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