Exam 3 Flashcards
The inferior thoracic aperture is bounded:
Posteriorly by the T12 vertebra
Posterolaterally by the 11th and 12th pairs of ribs
Anteriolaterally by the joined costal cartilages of ribs 7-10 forming the costal margin
Anteriorly by the xiphisternal joint
The superior thoracic aperture is bounded:
Posteriorly by the T1 vertebrae
Laterally by the 1st pair of ribs and their costal cartilages
Anteriorly by the superior border of the manubrium
True (vertebrocostal) ribs
1st-7th ribs
Attach directly to the sternum through their own costal cartilages
False (vertebrochondral) ribs
8th-10th ribs
Have cartilages that are joined to the cartilage of the rib just superior to them; thus their connection with the sternum is indirect
Characteristic features of thoracic vertebrae
- bilateral costal facets (demifacets) on their bodies for articulation with the head of the ribs; atypical thoracic vertebrae have 1 whole costal facet in place of the demifacets
- costal facets on their transverse processes for articulation with the tubercles of ribs, except for the inferior 2 or 3 thoracic vertebrae
- long inferiorly slanting spinous processes
3 parts of sternum
Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid processes
Intervertebral joint type
Symphysis
Secondary cartilaginous joint
Intervertebral joint articulates with:
Adjacent vertebral bodies bound together by intervertebral disc
Ligaments of intervertebral joint
Anterior and posterior longitudinal
Joint type of Costovertebral joints of the head of ribs
Synovial plane
Costovertebral joints of head of ribs articulates with:
Head of each rib with superior demifacet or costal facet of corresponding vertebral body and inferior demifacet or costal facet of vertebral body superior to it
Ligaments of costovertebral joints of head of ribs
Radiate and intra-articular ligaments of head of rib
Joint type of costotransverse joint
Synovial plane
Costotransverse articulations
Articulation of tubercle of rib with transverse process of corresponding vertebra
Costotransverse ligaments
Lateral and superior costotransverse
Visceral pleura (pulmonary pleura)
Covers the lungs and is adherent to all its surfaces
Including the surfaces within the horizontal and oblique fissures
It cannot be dissected from the lungs
Parietal pleura
Lines the pulmonary cavities, adhering to the thoracic wall, the mediastinum, and the diaphragm
Muscles that originate at inferior border of the ribs
External intercostal
Internal intercostal
Innermost intercostal
Origin of transversus thoracis
Posterior surface of lower sternum
Origin of subcostal
Internal surface of lower ribs near their angles
Origin of levatores costarum
Transverse processes of T7-T11
Origin of serratus posterior superior
Nuchal ligament
Spinous processes of C7-T3
Origin of serratus posterior inferior
Spinous processes of T11-L2
Insertion of external intercostal
Superior border of ribs below
Insertion of internal intercostal
Superior border of ribs below
Insertion of innermost intercostal
Superior border of ribs below
Insertion of transversus thoracis
Internal surface of costal cartilages 2-6
Insertion of subcostal
Superior borders of 2nd or 3rd ribs below
Levatores costarum insertion
Subjacent ribs between tubercle and angle
Insertion of serratus posterior superior
Superior borders of 2nd-4th ribs
Insertion of serratus posterior inferior
Inferior borders of 8th-12th ribs near their angles
Innervated by intercostal nerve
External intercostal
Internal intercostal
Innermost intercostal
Innervation of levatores costarum
Posterior rami of C8-T11 nerves
Innervation of serratus posterior superior
2nd-5th intercostal nerves
Innervation of serratus posterior inferior
9th-11th intercostal nerves
Subcostal (T12) nerve
Actions of levatores costarum and serratus posterior superior
Elevates ribs
Actions of transversus thoracis
Weakly depresses ribs
Actions of external intercostal
During forced inspiration: elevates ribs
Sternocostal joint type
1st: primary cartilaginous joint
2nd-7th: synovial plane joint
Sternoclavicular joint type
Saddle type synovial
Costochondral joint type
Primary cartilaginous joint
Manubriosternal joint type
Secondary cartilaginous joint
Symphysis
Xiphisternal joint type
Primary cartilaginous joint
Synchondrosis
Contents of superior mediastinum
Superior vena cava
brachiocephalic veins
trachea
thymus
origin of external oblique
external surfaces of the 5th-12th ribs
insertion of external oblique
linea alba
pubic tubercle
anterior half of iliac crest
innervation of external oblique
thoraco-abdominal nerves
(anterior rami of T7-T11)
subcostal nerve
actions of external oblique
compress and support abdominal viscera
flex and rotate trunk
origin of internal oblique
Thoracolumbar fascia
anterior 2/3 of iliac crest
connective tissue deep to inguinal ligament
insertion of internal oblique
inferior borders of 10th-12th ribs
linea alba
pubis via conjoint tendon
innervation of internal oblique
thoraco-abdominal nerves
(anterior rami of T7-T11)
first lumbar nerve
actions of internal oblique
Compress and support abdominal viscera
flex and rotate trunk
origin of transversus abdominis
internal surfaces of 7th-12th costal cartilages
thoracolumbar fascia
iliac crest
connective tissue deep to inguinal ligament
insertion transversus abdominis
linea alba with aponmeurosis of internal oblique
pubic crest
pectin pubis via conjoint tendon
innervation of transversus abdominis
thoraco-abdominal nerves
(anterior rami of T7-T11)
first lumbar nerve
actions of transversus abdominis
Compresses and supports abdominal viscera
origin rectus abdominis
pubic symphysis
pubic crest
insertion rectus abdominis
xiphoid process
5th-7th costal cartilages
innervation rectus abdominis
thoraco-abdominal nerves
anterior rami of inferior 6 thoracic nerves
actions of rectus abdominis
flexes trunk (lumbar vertebrae) compresses abdominal viscera stabilizes and controls tilt of pelvis (antilordosis)
linea alba
extends from the xiphoid process to the pubic symphysis
