Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

GSSE Anatomy > Upper limb > Flashcards

Upper limb Flashcards

1
Q

What does the quadrangular space contain?

A

Posterior circumflex humeral artery and nerve, axillary nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does the triangular interval contain?

A

Radial nerve, profunda brachii artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Suprascapular notch

A

suprascapular nerve passes through

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Traingular space

A

circumflex scapular artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pectoralis major- origin and insertion

A

Clavicular head originates from the medial half of the anterior surface of the clavicle and inserts on the lateral lip of the bicipital groove
Sternocostal head arises from the lateral part of the anterior surface of the manubrium and sternum and from the aponeurosis of external oblique. Insert deep to clavicular head fibres on lateral lip of bicipital groove

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Pectoralis major action and innervation

A

Medial and lateral pectoral nerves (only muscle to be supplied by all 5 segments of brachial plexus)
Action: medial rotator of the arm and in combination with muscles of posterior axillary fold, powerful adductor.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Pectoralis minor origin and insertion

A

Origin: ribs 3-5 underneath pec major, variations common
Insertion: medial border and upper surface of the coracoid process of the scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Pectoralis minor innervation and action

A

Innervation: both pectoral nerves
Action: assists serrates anterior in protraction of the scapula. Contraction assists gravity with restoring scapula to original position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Subclavius origin and insertion

A

Origin: costochondral junction of first rib
Insertion: subclavian groove on the inferior surface of the clavicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Subclavius innervation and action

A

Nerve to subclavius from the superior trunk of the brachial plexus. Assists in stabilising the clavicle in movements of the pectoral girdle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Suspensory ligament of the axilla

A

Made up by leaves of the clavipectoral fascia after enclosing pec minor, they fuse and form this ligament. It attaches to the floor of the axilla and its tension maintains the axillary hollow.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What pierces the clavipectoral fascia in the infraclavicular fossa?

A

Inwards: lymphatics from infraclavicular nodes to the apical nodes of the axilla, cephalic vein.
Outwards: thoracoacromial vessels and lateral pectoral nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What attaches to the greater tuberosity of the humerus?

A

SIT
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What attaches to the lesser trochanter of the humerus?

A

Subscapularis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which nerve runs posterior to the axillary artery in the axilla?

A

Radial nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which nerve goes THROUGH the coracobrachialis muscle?

A

The musculocutaneous nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which artery does the common interosseous artery arise from?

A

The ulnar artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where does the annular ligament arise and insert?

A

The radial notch of the proximal radius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the course of the radial artery?

A

From its origin at the brachial artery, the radial artery passes medial to the biceps tendon, across the supinator and over the insertion of pronator teres. It then continues over the radial origin of flexor digitorum superficialis, the origin of flexor pollicis longus, and the insertion of pronator quadratus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which muscles are supplied by the posterior interosseous nerve?

A 
Most of the muscles in the posterior compartment of the arm EXCEPT:
Supinator
Brachioradialis
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Last's states PIN supplies ECRB
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the borders of the quadrangular space?

A

Superior–teres minor

  • Inferior–teres major
  • Medial–long head of triceps
  • Lateral–humerus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What nerve root are you testing when you ask a patient to abduct their fingers?

A

T1 (ulnar nerve)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is a possible site of entrapment of the PIN?

A

The arcade of Frohse- the most superior part of the superficial part of the supinator muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are possible sites of entrapment of the ulna nerve?

A

The arcade of Struther’s, between the two heads of FCU, between Osborne’s ligament and the MCL.
Other’s: medial head of triceps, the medial epicondyle and the medial intermuscular septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What are the contents of the antecubital fossa from lateral to medial?
Tendon of biceps brachii, brachial artery, median nerve
26
What are the borders of the antecubital fossa?
Superior border = an imaginary line between the epicondyles of the humerus Lateral border = the medial border of the brachioradialis muscle Medial border = the lateral border of the pronator teres muscle
27
Which nerve is at risk in a deltopectoral approach to the elbow?
The musculocutaneous nerve
28
What is in the first extensor compartment of the wrist?
The abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis
29
What is in the second extensor compartment of the wrist?
The extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis
30
What is in the third extensor compartment of the wrist?
The extensor pollicis longus
31
What is in the fourth extensor compartment of the wrist?
Extensor digitorum and extensor indicis
32
What is in the fifth extensor compartment of the wrist?
Extensor digiti minimi
33
What is in the sixth extensor compartment of the wrist?
Extensor carpi ulnaris
34
What structure is the pisiform in?
The tendon of FCU
35
Which nerve is most at risk with the anterolateral port in elbow arthroscopy?
The radial nerve
36
What is the origin of the long head of triceps?
The infraglenoid tubercle
37
Where does the dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve branch?
5cm proximal to the extensor retinaculum
38
What is the course of the dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve?
Passes deep to flexor carpi ulnaris before passing dorsally to perforate the deep fascia and course along the medial side of the dorsum of the hand.
39
Which nerve is at risk during a lateral approach to the elbow?
The posterior interosseous nerve
40
How is the subclavian artery divided into 3 parts?
First- Origin to the medial border of scalenus anterior Second- Behind scalenus anterior Third- From scalenus anterior to the outer border of the first rib
41
Which arteries come off the first part of the subclavian artery? (three)
Vertebral Internal thoracic Thyrocervical trunk
42
Which artery comes off the second part of the subclavian artery?
Costal cervical trunk
43
Which artery comes off the third part of the subclavian artery?
Dorsal scapular artery
44
What are the attachments of the carpal tunnel?
Pisiform, hamate, scaphoid, trapezium
45
What does injury to the long thoracic nerve cause?
Winging of the scapula
46
What is the intercostal brachial nerve a branch of?
Cutaneous branch of the second intercostal nerve. At risk during axillary lymph node clearance.
47
How many cruciate pulleys are part of the flexor tendons?
There are three cruciate pulleys. C1 sits between pulleys A2 and A3. C2 lies between A3 and A4. C3 lies between A4 and A5.
48
Which vein is found in the anatomical snuffbox?
The cephalic vein is found within the anatomical snuffbox alongside the radial artery. The basilic vein is found on the ulnar side of the wrist.
49
Where does the radial nerve give off the posterior cutaneous nerve of the forearm?
In the spiral groove
50
What is the sensory supply of the PIN?
Interosseous membrane, periosteum of radius and ulna and the wrist and carpal joints on the extensor surfaces
51
Where does the brachial artery divide into the radial and ulnar arteries?
In the ACF second half
52
What does the radial artery course under in the forearm?
Brachioradialis
53
What does the radial artery pass over in the forearm?
Supinator, insertion of pronator teres, FDS, FPL and the insertion of PQ
54
What does the radial artery go medial to?
The tendon of biceps brachii
55
What does the radial artery course lateral to?
FCR
56
How does the radial artery leave the forearm?
It passes between APL and EPB into the anatomical snuffbox
57
Which arch does the radial artery form in the palm?
The deep palmar arch
58
What is the course of the ulnar artery in the forearm?
Goes deep to pronator teres and the fibrous arch of FDS. Then it lies on FDP with the ulnar nerve ulnar to it
59
What is the most important branch of the ulnar artery?
The common interosseous which branches into anterior and posterior interosseous. The anterior is important for supply of the bones
60
Where does the ulnar artery go after the forearm?
It passes through Guyon's canal and forms the superficial palmar arch
61
What is the key structure of the proximal radioulnar joint?
The annular ligament
62
What does the annular ligament attach to?
It attaches to the radial notch of the ulna. Forms a ring around the radius
63
What is the relation of the annular ligament to the radius?
It encircles the radius- covering both the head and neck- leaving the radius free to move within it.
64
Is the proximal radioulnar joint synovial cavity continuous with that of the elbow joint?
Yes and the joint capsule is continuous as well
65
What are the attachments of the quadrate ligament?
Neck of the radius to the upper part of the supinator fossa of the ulna
66
What is the function of the quadrate ligament?
Prevents herniation of the synovial membrane between the anterior and posterior free edges of the annular ligament.
67
What is the annular ligament continuous with?
the lateral collateral ligament of the elbow and the capsule of the elbow joint
68
What is the key structure of the distal radioulnar joint?
Distal triangular fibrocartilage (articular disc)
69
What is the key stabiliser of the distal radioulnar joint?
The Triangular fibrocartilage complex
70
What are the attachments of the triangular fibrocartilage?
The ulnar notch of the radius and a small fossa at the base of the ulnar styloid.
71
What are the characteristics of the DRUJ capsule?
Loose, pouches upwards behind PQ forming the sacciform recess No connection with wrist joint
72
Where does the axillary artery become the brachial artery?
At the inferior border of teres major?
73
Where is the first part of the axillary artery?
Above pectoralis minor
74
What is the branch of the first part of the axillary artery?
Superior thoracic artery- runs forward to supply both pec muscles
75
Where is the second part of the axillary artery?
Behind pectoralis minor. | This is the part that is clasped by the 3 CORDS of the brachial plexus
76
What are the branches off the second part of the axillary artery?
The thoracoacromial artery | The lateral thoracic artery (in females important blood supply to the breast)
77
Where is the third part of the axillary artery?
Below pec minor | Clasped by the two heads of the median nerve
78
What are the three branches of the third part of the axillary artery?
Subscapular artery Anterior circumflex humeral artery Posterior circumflex humeral artery
79
Where are the trunks of the brachial plexus formed?
Between scalenus anterior and medius
80
Where are the divisions of the brachial plexus formed?
Behind the clavicle
81
Are the roots of the brachial plexus covered with prevertebral fascia?
Yeah
82
What are the actions of serrratus anterior?
Whole muscle- scapula protraction Lower 4 digitations assist trap in rotating scapula laterally and upwards. Thus it helps to raise the arm above the shoulder
83
What is the nerve supply of the serratus anterior?
The long thoracic nerve- from C5,6,7 roots of the brachial
84
Which bones ossify in membrane?
Flat skull bones, clavicles, mandible
85
Is the ACJ capsule strong?
No, it is sleeve like and relatively weak
86
What provides stability to the ACJ?
``` Coracoclavicular ligament (2 parts conoid and trapezoid Acromioclavicular ligaments ```
87
What weird thing provides partial origin to the omohyoid muscle?
The transverse scapula ligament
88
In the arm does the median nerve cross the brachial artery?
Yes from lateral to medial
89
What is the lateral collateral ligament complex of the elbow comprised of?
The lateral collateral ligament complex consists of four ligaments. These include: the accessory collateral ligament, the lateral radial collateral ligament, the lateral ulnar collateral ligament, and the annular ligament.
90
What are the secondary static stabilisers of the elbow?
radiocapitellar joint, common flexor and extensor origins, and the joint capsule
91
What are the primary static stabilisers of the elbow?
ulnohumeral joint, medial collateral ligament and lateral collateral ligament complex
92
Which muscle initiates arm abduction and then which muscle takes over?
Supraspinatus starts | Deltoid continues
93
Which ligaments prevent superior dislocation of the clavicle?
Conoid and trapezoid These are the coracoclavicular ligaments
94
Which nerve can give off fibres to the phrenic?
The nerve to subclavius
95
What is a Klumpke palsy?
A palsy resulting from injury to the lower roots (C8 + T1) of the brachial plexus most commonly due to a hyperabduction traction injury
96
How does a Klumpke palsy manifest?
Clinically, it can manifest with reduced sensation over the medial forearm, and clawing of the hand. There is loss of function of the intrinsic muscles of the hand, as well as thenar and hypothenar muscles.
97
What is the main restraint to horizontal instability at the ACJ?
The acromioclavicular ligaments
98
Which nerve root is primarily responsible for wrist extension?
C6
99
Is the axillary vein encased by the axillary sheath?
No
100
What is the axillary vein made up of?
It's a continuation of the brachial vein and the basilic vein joins it. The cephalic vein joins at the terminal part
101
What muscle attaches to the capitate
Oblique head of adductor pollicis
102

GSSE Anatomy (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions