upper limb

Question 1

fracture of surgical neck of humerus?

Answer 1

damage to axillary nerve and posterior circumfelx artery

-ie deltoids and teres minor and loss of sensation to regimental patch area

Question 2

fracture to MID SHAFT of humerus?

Answer 2

damage to radial nerve and profunda brachii artery–> unopposed flexion at wrist therefore wrist drop

Question 3

fracture of the distal humerus

Answer 3

ie a supracondylar fracture

-FOOSH,paediatric

damage to brachial artery

can cause Volkmans ischaemic contracture–> ie flexed wrist

damage to anetrior interosseus neves (from median nerve) weakness when testing the okay sign.

Gartland classification 1-3. type one can be cast–> other 2 need surgical repair.

Question 4

venous drainage of upper limb?

Answer 4

superficial - basilic from the medial side and cephalic on the lateral. both come from teh dorsal venous arch

basilic crosses the teres major, and joins the axillary vein

cephalic -runs in the deltopectoral groove and then through teh clavipectoral triangle to empty in axillary vein.

Question 5

borders of the axilla?

Answer 5

apex - first rib, clavicle and superior border of teh scapula

anterior - pec major and minor

lateral -intertubercular sulcus

posterior - subscapularis and latissumus

medial -thoracic cage and serratus anterior.

Question 6

clavipectoral triangle borders?

Answer 6

lateal - deltoid

inferior pec major

media/superior - clavicle

cephalic vein goins in to join axillary vein.

medial and lateral pectoral nerves come out

Question 7

borders and contenet of the quadrangular space?

Answer 7

superior - teres major

inferior teres minor

medial -long head of triceps

lateral - surgical neck of teh humerus

(anterior subscapularis)

contents - axillary nerve and posterior cicumflex artery

Question 8

cubital fossa -borders and contents

Answer 8

medial pronator teres

lateral - brachioradialis

superior - imaginary line between epicondyles

floors brachialis and distally the supinator.

roof - bicipital aponeurosis which ahs median cubital vein running through

content - Radial nerve, bices tendon, brachial artery median nerve (really need beer to be at my nicest)

Question 9

borders of the anantomical snuff box

contents

Answer 9

medial -extensor pollicic longus

lateral abductor pollicic longus

extensor pollicis brevis

proximal - styloid of the radius

contents -radial artery, cephalic vein and supericial brach of teh radial nerve

Question 10

axillary nerve roots?

Answer 10

C5-6.

same as erbs palsy - cant externally rotate or abduct arm

lies behind axillary artery and in front of subscapularis–> exits via quadrangular space

Question 11

musculocutaneous nerve -root?

Answer 11

C5-7.

course - leaves axilla emerges under the pec minor pierces, corocobrachialis and then runs down superificial to brachilais but deep to biceps then into forearm as lateral cutanous nerve to forearm.