physiology Flashcards
JVP - upward deflections and downward deflections?
Up: A - atrial contraction C -valve shuts, ventricle contracts - pressure on triscuspid upwards V -venous filling Down: X - atria relaxes,valves open,blood flowing from atria to ventricles X1 -RV contracts so much pressure in atria drops due to increased space in pericardial sac Y - ventricular filling
JVP absent A waves ? Large A waves? Cannon waves? Prominent V waves? slow Y descent? steep y descent
AF TS, RV hypertophy Complete HB TR TS, right atrial myxoma RVF, constrictive pericarditis, TR
Factors affected by Heparin (4)
2, 9, 10, 11
factors affected by DIC?
1,2,5,8, 11
factors affected by Liver disease
1,2,5,7,9, 10, 11
treatment for VW disease?
TXA and DDAVP - except in type 2b where DDAVP is contraindicated. will not be useful in type 3 -as no VWF at all - replacement
pulmonary artery pressures? sys/dias
25/10mmhg
LA mean pressure?
8-10mmhg
raised pulmonary cap wedge pressure (PCWP) of >20mmhg indicate?
pulmonary odemea
cerebral perfusion pressure equation?
MAP-ICP where map is diastolic bp +0.33(sys-dias)
what ileostomy output requires iv fluids?
20ml/kg/24 hrs
Volume of secretions? salivary glands stomach duodenum pancreas bile jej/ileum colon
1500 1500 100-2000 1000 50-800 3000 100
ileostomies?
lose 500-100ml/day Na 126 K22 more proximal stomas need isotonic not hypotonic IVI - otherwise worsening electrolyte imbalance
Treatment for anaphylaxis
0-6 months?
6months -6 years
6-12 yrs
adult
4 classes of shock?
blood loss
% loss
HR
BP
RR
urine output
symptoms
Lung volumes - think of image
Tidal volume
Insipratory reserve
expiratory reserve
vital capacity
residual volume
functional residual volume
total lung capacity
FEV1/FVC in obstructive vs restrictive?
FEV1/FVC in obstructive disease -low like 50% as its hard to breathe out against the airway resistance. In RESTRICTIVE disease - high or normal. 90%. Due to the high elastic recoil of stiff lungs
minute ventilation?
alveolar ventilation?
dead space - anatomical vs physiological
minute ventilation =tidal volume xRR
anatomical dead space - 150ml. all the air in the resp tract like nose, throat etc
increased by standing up, and bronchodilators
physiological - all the air not involved in gas exchange - 150ml
physiological deadspace increased by VQ mismatch - PE, COPD etc
alveolar ventilation = amount of fresh air entering the alveolii per min
thus minute ventilation -deadspace
Potassium secretions?
salivary glands?
stomach
bile
pancreas
small bowel
rectum
CAUSES of SIADH?
ABCD
Causes of INCREASED anion acidosis?
MUDPILES
required sodium equation?
125 - serum sodium) x 0.6 x body weight = required mEq of sodium
Drug causes of hyperuricaemia?
(CAN’T LEAP)
Ciclosporin
Alcohol
Nictinic acid
Thiazides
Loop diuretics
Ethambutol
Aspirin
Pyrazinamide
Causes of Hyperuricaemia?
increased synthesis (6)
vs
Reduced excretion
