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mbchb anatomy sem 1 > Upper Limb > Flashcards

Upper Limb Flashcards

1
Q

At which joint does the scapula articulate with the humerus?

A

The glenohumeral joint

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2
Q

At what joint does the scapula articulate with the clavicle?

A

The acromioclavical joint

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3
Q

What shape is the scapula and what type of bone?

A

Triangular flat bone

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4
Q

State the name of the concave depression that covers most of the costal(anterior) surface of the scapula?

A

The subscapula fossa

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5
Q

Where does the subscapularis muscle articulate from?

A

The costal surface (subscapular fossa) of the scapula

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6
Q

Where is the Coracoid process?

What is its general shape

A

Originates from the superolateral surface of the costal scapula

Hook like projection which lies just beneath the clavicle

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7
Q

Which muscles attach to the coracoid process?

A

The short head of the biceps brachii and the pectoralis minor

Corcacobrachialis muscle

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8
Q

Where on the scapula is the site of the glenohumeral joint?

A

Glenoid fossa

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9
Q

Where is the supraglenoid tubercle in relation to the glenoid fossa?

A

Superior of the glenoid fossa

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10
Q

Where does the head of the biceps brachii attach on the scapula?

A

The supraglenoid tubercle

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11
Q

What is the attachment of the long head of the tricep brachii on the scapula? Where is this in relation to the glenoid fossa?

A

The infraglenoid tubercle immediately superior the the glenoid fossa

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12
Q

On what surface of the scapula is the site of attachment for the majority of the rotator cuff muscles of the shoulder?

A

The posterior surface

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13
Q

What divides the posterior surface of the scapula into two surfaces? Name the two surfaces

A 
The spine
Infraspinous fossa (inferior)
Supraspinous fossa (superior)
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14
Q

Where does the infraspinous muscle originate from?

A

The infraspinous fossa

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15
Q

Where does the supraspinous muscle originate from?

A

The supraspinous fossa

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16
Q

Where is the the acromion in relation to the glenoid fossa?

What does it articulate to?

A

It is a projection of the spine which arches over the glenohumeral joint

Articulates with the clavicle

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17
Q

What two bones articulate with the clavicle?

A

The sternum and the acromion of the scapula

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18
Q

What type of bone is the clavicle?

A

Long bone

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19
Q

What are the 3 main functions of the clavicle?

A

Attaches the upper limb to trunk

Protects the upper neurovascular structures supplying the upper limb

Transmits force from the upper limb to the axial skeleton

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20
Q

What shape is the clavicle bone

A

Slender bone with an s shape

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21
Q

State the name of the two ends of the clavicle and whether they are concave or convex

A

Lateral end is the acromial end (concave)

Medial end is eternal end (convex)

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22
Q

What is the name of the joint between the sternal end of the clavicle and the sternum?

A

Sternoclavicular joint

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23
Q

What is the shaft of the clavicle and which muscles is it associated with?

A

Part between the two ends

Deltoid 
Trapezius
Subclavius
Pectoralis major
Sternocleidomastoid 
Sternohyoid
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24
Q

Name the joint between the scapula and the clavicle?

A

Acromioclavicle joint

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25
Q

Which two ligaments attach to the acromial end of the clavicle? State the landmarks on the clavicle

A

Conoid ligament (medial part of the coracoclavicular ligament)

Landmark is conoid tubercle

Trapezoid ligament (lateral part of the coracoclavicular ligament)

Landmark is the trapezoid line

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26
Q

What is the role of the coracoclavicular ligament?

A

Very strong structure which suspends the weight of the upper limb from the clavicle

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27
Q

Where on the humerus is the glenohumeral joint?

A

Proximal region (head)

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28
Q

What are the 3 main parts of the humerus?

A

Proximal region, shaft and distal region

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29
Q

Where is the head of the humerus?

A

Medial and superior part of the humerus within the proximal region

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30
Q

How is the head connected to the two tubercles of the humerus?

A

Via the anatomical neck

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31
Q

State the name of the 3 rotator cuff muscles which attach to the greater tubercle of the humerus

A

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus and teres minor

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32
Q

Where on the humerus is the greater tubercle?

A

The lateral and superior part of the proximal region

Has a posterior and anterior part

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33
Q

Where is the lesser tubercle in relation to the greater tubercle?

A

More medially located on the bone and only has an anterior face

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34
Q

What muscle attaches to the lesser tubercle of the humerus?

A

Subscapularis (rotator cuff muscle)

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35
Q

State the name of the groove between the two tubercles in the proximal region of the humerus?

What runs through this groove?

A

Intertubercular sulcus

The tendon of the long head of biceps brachii

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36
Q

What attaches to the lips (edges) of the intertubercular sulcus?

A

Tendons of the pectoralis major, teres major and latissimus dorsi

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37
Q

Where does the surgical neck of the humerus run to and from?

A

The tubercles to the shaft

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38
Q

What are the bony landmarks of the shaft of the humerus? Where are they? What attaches to these landmarks?

A

Deltoid tuberosity - lateral side, deltoid muscles attach here

Radial groove - runs diagonally down the posterior surface of the humerus shaft, parallel to the deltoid tuberosity.
Radial nerve and profunda brachii artery lie in this groove

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39
Q

Name the 4 muscles that attach to the anterior part of the humerus

A

Coracobrachialis, deltoid, brachialis, brachioradialis

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40
Q

Name the muscles that attach to the posterior surface of the humerus

A

Medial and lateral heads of the triceps

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41
Q

State the name give to the ridges on the lateral and medial sides of the distal region of the humerus?

What are these attachment sites for? (Just lateral)

A

Supraepicondylar ridges

Many extensor muscles in the posterior forearm (lateral epicondylar)

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42
Q

What is found distal to the supraepicondylar ridges?

A

Lateral and medial epicondyles

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43
Q

What part of the distal region does the ulnar nerve pass to reach the forearm?

A

The posterior side of the medial epicondylar

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44
Q

Where is the trochlea and what does it articulate with?

A

Located medially and extends onto the posterior of the bone. Inferior part of the distal region of the humerus

Articulates with the ulna

45
Q

What landmark articulates with the radius? Where is this landmark?

A

The capitulum

Lateral to the trochlear

46
Q

Which three regions on the distal part of the humerus accommodate the forearm bones during movement at the elbow? (Fossa)

A

Coroniod, radial and olecranon fossae

47
Q

Which muscles are involved in pronation?

A 
Pronator teres (larger) 
Pronator quadratus
48
Q

Which muscles are involved in supernation?

A

Supernator

Bicep

49
Q

Which muscles are involved in flexion of the wrist

A

Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Palmaris longus (smaller)

50
Q

What does the radius articulate with at the elbow joint?

A

The capitulum of the humerus

51
Q

What does the radius articulate with at the proximal radioulnar joint?

A

Radial head articulates with the radial notch of the ulna

52
Q

What does the radius articulate with at the wrist joint

A

Carpal bones (scaphoid and lunate)

53
Q

What part of the ulna does the radius articulate with at the distal radioulnar joint?

A

The ulnar notch on the radius articulates with the head of the ulna

54
Q

Where is the radial tuberosity and which muscle attaches to it?

A

Proximal region of the radius inferior to the neck.

Bicep brachii muscle

55
Q

Where is the stylist process on the radius?

A

Distal region and lateral side

56
Q

Where abouts is the ulnar notch on the radius?

A

Distal region and medial surface

57
Q

On what part of the humerus does the ulna articulate with?

A

Trochlea of the humerus

58
Q

What is the name of the bony landmark of the ulna with this description: “a larger projection of bone that extends proximally, forming part of the trochlear notch. It can be palpated at the tip of the elbow and is the site of attachment for the triceps brachii muscle”

A

Olecranon

59
Q

Where is the coronoid process?

A

Proximal portion of the ulna

Ridge of bone projects outwards anteriorly forming part of the trochlear notch

60
Q

Which parts of the ulna is the trochlear notch made of?

A

Coronoid process

Olecranon

61
Q

Where is the radial notch

A

On the lateral surface of the proximal region of the trochlear notch on the ulna

62
Q

Where does the brachialis muscle attach?

A

Tuberosity of ulna

63
Q

The anterior surface of the shaft of the ulna is an attachment site for which muscle?

A

Pronator quadratus muscle

64
Q

What is the interosseous?

A

A border of the ulna which is the site of attachment for the interosseous membrane, which spans the distance between the two forearm bones

65
Q

What are the 3 muscles in the anterior compartment of the upper arm?

A

Biceps branchii
Brachialis
Coracobrachialis

66
Q

What is the innervation for the muscles of the anterior compartment of the upper arm?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

67
Q

What is the arterial supply for the anterior compartment of the upper arm?

A

Muscular branches of the brachial artery

68
Q

What is the name of the connective tissue sheet given off as the tendon of bicep brachii enters the forearm?

A

Bicipital aponeurosis

69
Q

Where does the bicep brachii originate from and attach too?

A

Long head
From the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula to the radial tuberosity and the fascia of the forearm (via bicipital aponeurosis

Short head - from the coracoid process of the scapula to radial tuberosity ect

70
Q

Function of biceps branchii

A

Supination of upper arm

Flexes arm at elbow and at the shoulder

71
Q

Which muscle in the anterior compartment of the upper arm is innervated by both the musculocutaneous nerve and the radial nerve?

A

The brachialis

72
Q

How do you test for spinal cord segment C6?

A

Relaxing the biceps tendon

73
Q

Where does the coracobrachialis muscle lay with respect to the biceps brachii?

A

Deep

74
Q

Where does the coracobrachialis muscle originate from and go to?

A

From the coracoid process of the scapula. Passes through the axilla to the medial side of the humeral shaft (at the level of the deltoid tubercle)

75
Q

What are the functions of the coracobrachialis?

A

Flexion of the arm at the shoulder

Weak adduction

76
Q

Where is the brachialis muscle compared to the other muscles in the upper arm?

A

Deep to the biceps brachii and most distal?

77
Q

Which muscle forms the floor of the cubital fossa?

A

Brachialis

78
Q

Which muscle forms the roof of the cubital fossa?

A

Biceps branchii

79
Q

Function of the brachialis muscle?

A

Flexion at the elbow

80
Q

Which head of the triceps brachii muscle lies most deep?

A

Medial head

81
Q

What is the arterial supply to the posterior compartment of the upper arm?

A

Profunda brachii artery

82
Q

Where do the heads of the tricep originate from?

A

Long head - infraglenoid tubercle
Lateral head - humerus (superior to the radial grove)
Medial head - humerus (inferior to the radial grove)

83
Q

Where do the triceps brachii muscle insert?

A

Olecranon of the ulna

84
Q

What are the functions of the tricep brachii?

A

Extension of the arm at the elbow

85
Q

What is the innervation for the triceps

A

Radial nerve

86
Q

How do you test for spinal segment C7?

A

Tap on the triceps tendon

87
Q

Name the two superficial extrinsic muscles of the shoulder?

A

The trapezius and latissimus dorsi

88
Q

What is the thenar eminence?

What are they responsible for?

A

The bellies of the three thenar muscles produce a bulge called the thenar eminence

Fine movements of the thumb

89
Q

What nerve innervates the thenar muscles?

A

The median nerve

90
Q

What are the three thenar muscles ?

A

Opponens pollicis

Abductor pollicis brevis

Flexor pollicis brevis

91
Q

Which thenar muscle is the largest and also lies most deep?

A

Opponens pollicis

92
Q

What are the attachments for opponens pollicis?

A

It originates from the trapezium and the associated flexor retinaculum.

Inserts onto the lateral side of the metacarpal of the thumb

93
Q

What is the action of opponens pollicis?

A

Opposes the thumb by medially rotating and flexing the metacarpal on the trapezium

94
Q

What are the attachment points for abductor pollicis brevis?

A

Originates from the scaphoid and the trapezium and the associated flexor retinaculum.

Attaches to the lateral side of the proximal phalanx

95
Q

What are the attachment sites for the flexor pollicis brevis?

A

Originates from the tubercle of the trapezium and the associated flexor retinaculum

Attaches to the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb

96
Q

What is the hypothenar eminence?

A

Produced by the hypothenar muscles

A muscular protrusion on the medial side of the palm, at the base of the little finger

97
Q

What are the 3 hypothenar muscles

A

Opponens digiti minimi

Abductor digiti minimi

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

98
Q

What are the attachments for the opponens digiti minimi?

A

Originates from the hook of the hamate and associated flexor retinaculum

Attaches to the medial side of metacarpal V

99
Q

Place the hypothenar muscles in order from superficial to deep

A

Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Opponens digiti minimi

100
Q

What is the action of the opponens digiti minimi?

A

Rotates the metacarpal of the little finger towards the palm

Producing Opposition

101
Q

What are the attachments of the abductor digiti minimi?

A

Originates from the pisiform and the tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris

Inserts onto the proximal phalanx of the little finger

102
Q

What nerve innervates all the hypothenar muscles?

A

The ulnar nerve

103
Q

What are the attachments for flexor digiti minimi brevis?

A

Originates from the hook of the hamate and associated flexor retinaculum

Attaches to the base of the proximal phalanx of the little finger

104
Q

What is the action of flexor digiti minimi brevis?

A

Flexes the metacarpal joint of the little finger

105
Q

How many lumbricals in the hand?

What do they do?

A

4

Attach the flexor and extensor tendons and are crucial to finger movement

106
Q

What is are the attachments of the limbricals?

A

Each lumbrical originates from one of the tendons of flexor digitorum profundus

Pass dorsally and laterally around each finger and insert on the extensor hood

107
Q

Name the 4 lumbricals from medial to lateral

A

1 unipennate
2 unipennate
3 Bipennate
4 bipennate

108
Q

What are the actions of the lumbricals?

A

Flexion at the metacarpal joints and the IP joints of each finger

109
Q

What is the innervation for the lumbricals?

A

Middle two are innervated by the ulnar never and the lateral two are innervated by the median nerve

mbchb anatomy sem 1 (7 decks)

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