Digestive system

Question 1

State the function of the GI system?

Answer 1

Intake of food,

digestion of food so that nutrients can be absorbed by the ileum.

Excretion -colon and anus

Question 2

Where does the GI tract start and finish?

Answer 2

Mouth to Anus

Question 3

State the the different types of teeth and their function

Answer 3

Incisors - 4 front, cut food
Canines - 3rd from midline, cut and tear food
premolars - 2 next to canine, crush and grind food
Molars - 6th to 8th tooth from midline - crush and grind food

Question 4

Where is the palate positioned? And it’s function

Answer 4

Hard and soft, roof of the mouth

Keeps food from entering the nasal

Question 5

Function of the tongue

Answer 5

Moves food to pharynx

Main taste organ

Question 6

Function of the pharynx

Answer 6

passage way for food from mouth to oesophagus

Question 7

State the salivary glands, there function and there anatomical position

Answer 7

Parotid - anterior to the ear
Submandibular - on the jaw line
Sublingual - anterior to the submandibular postolaterally to the mouth

Function - exocrine. Secrete saliva containing enzymes like amylase to break down starch. Also keeps mouth moist and helps the swallowing of food. Minimises acidity in mouth

Question 8

State the functions of the pancreas

Answer 8

Endocrine - islets of langerhans contain alpha and beta cells which secrete glucagon and insulin into the blood stream respectively. Monitor blood glucose levels.

Exocrine - secretes enzymes into ducts which aid the break down of lipids proteins and carbohydrates in the small intestine

Question 9

Which organ lies next to the pancreas and curves round it’s head?

Answer 9

The Duodenum

Question 10

The common bile duct and the pancreatic duct join to form what? Where does this go?

Answer 10

Ampulla of vater which opens into the duodenum at the major duodenal papilla

Question 11

State the parts of the small intestine

Answer 11

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

Question 12

State the different parts of the large intestine

Answer 12

Ascending colon - includes the cecum and appendix

Transverse colon - includes colic flexures and transverse mesocolon

The descending colon

The sigmoid colon - s shape

Question 13

State the function of the liver and its gross anatomy

Answer 13

Has 4 lobes - left, right, caudate,

Processes digested food from intestines

Produces bile

Detoxification

Question 14

Function of the gall bladder and where is it?

Answer 14

Located behind the liver on right hand side of the rib cage

Stores bile and acts as a reservoir that up takes excess bile when there’s pressure on the bile duct