Upper Limb

Question 1

Deltoid

Answer 1

Origin : lateral third of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula
Insertion : deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Innervation : axillary nerve (*C5, C6)
Action : clavicular (anterior) - flexes and medially rotates shoulder joint
acromial (middle) - abducts shoulder joint
spine (posterior) - extends and laterally rotates shoulder joint

Question 2

Supraspinatus

Answer 2

Origin : Supraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion : superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
Innervation: suprascapular nerve (C4,*C5,C6)
Action : initiates and assists deltoid in abduction of shoulder joint and acts with other rotator cuff muscles

Question 3

Infraspinatus

Answer 3

Origin : infraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion : middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus
Innervation : suprascapular nerve (*C5, C6)
Action : laterally rotates shoulder joint; help hold humeral head in glenoid cavity of scapula

Question 4

Teres minor

Answer 4

Origin : middle part of lateral border of scapula
Insertion : inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
Innervation : axillary nerve (*C5, C6)
Action : laterally rotate shoulder joint; help hold humerus head in glenoid cavity of scapula

Question 5

Teres major

Answer 5

Origin : inferior part of lateral border of scapula and posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula
Insertion: medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
Innervation: lower subscapular nerve (C5, *C6)
Action : adducts and medially rotates shoulder joint

Question 6

Subscapularis

Answer 6

Origin : subscapular fossa (most of anterior surface of scapula)
Insertion : lesser tubercle of humerus
Innervation : upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5,*C6,C7)
Action : medially rotates and adducts shoulder joint; helps hold humeral head in glenoid cavity

Question 7

Pectoralis major

Answer 7

Proximal attachment:
Clavicular head - anterior surface of medial half of clavicle
Sternocostal head - anterior surface of sternum, superior six costal cartilages, aponeurosis of external oblique muscle
Distal attachment :
Lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
Innervation: lateral and medial pectoral nerves, clavicular head (C6), sternocostal head (C7, C8)
Action : adducts and medially rotates shoulder joint, draws scapula anteriorly and inferiorly

Acting alone, clavicular head flexes shoulder joint and the sternocostal head extends it from the fixed position

Question 8

Pectoralis minor

Answer 8

Proximal attachment : 3rd and 5th ribs near their costal cartilages
Distal attachment : medial border and superior surface of coracoid process of scapula
Innervation: medial pectoral nerve (C8,T1)
Action : stabilizes scapula by drawing inferiorly and anteriorly against thoracic wall

Question 9

Subclavius

Answer 9

Proximal attachment : junction of 1st rib and its costal cartilage
Distal attachment : inferior surface of middle third of clavicle
Innervation : subclavian nerve (C5)
Action : anchors and depresses scapula

Question 10

Serratus anterior

Answer 10

Proximal attachment : external surfaces of lateral parts of 1st-8th ribs
Distal attachment : anterior surface of medial border of scapula
Innervation: long thoracic nerve (C6, C7)
Action : protracts scapula and holds against thoracic wall; rotates scapula

Question 11

Dorsal scapular (C4, *C5)

Answer 11

Rhomboids and occasionally levator scapulae

Question 12

Long thoracic (*C5, *C6,C7)

Answer 12

Serratus anterior

Question 13

Suprascapular (*C5, C6, and often C4)

Answer 13

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, glenohumeral joint

Question 14

Subclavian nerve (C4, C5, *C6)

Answer 14

Subclavius and sternoclavicular (SC) joint

Question 15

Lateral pector (C5, *C6, C7)

Answer 15

Primarily pectoralis major but some lateral fibers pass to pectoralis minor

Question 16

Musculocutaneous

Answer 16

Terminal branch of lateral cord, fibers from C5-C7

Anterior compartment of arm muscles (coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, and brachialis
Skin of lateral aspect of forearm

Question 17

Median nerve

Answer 17

Muscles of anterior compartment of forearm - except for flexor carpi ulnaris and ulnar half of flexor digitorum profundus

Index and middle finger

Question 18

Medial pectoral nerve (C8-T1)

Answer 18

Pectoralis minor and sternocostal part of pectoralis major

Question 19

Medial cutaneous nerve of arm

Answer 19

Skin of medial side of arm

As far distal as medial epicondyle of humerus

Question 20

Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm

Answer 20

Skin of medial side of forearm, as far distal as wrist

Question 21

Ulnar nerve

Answer 21

Flexor carpi ulnaris and ulnar half of flexor digitorum profundus (forearm )
Most intrinsic muscles of arm (ring and pinky finger)

Question 22

Upper subscapular (C5)

Answer 22

Superior portion of subscapularis

Question 23

Lower subscapularis (C6)

Answer 23

Inferior portion of subscapularis and teres major

Question 24

Thoracodorsal nerve (C6, *C7, C8)

Answer 24

Latissimus dorsi

Question 25

Axillary nerve

Answer 25

Glenohumeral joint
Tees minor
Deltoid
Skin over inferior part of deltoid

Question 26

Radial nerve

Answer 26

All muscles of posterior compartments of arm and forearm
Skin of posterior and inferolateral arm
Posterior forearm

Question 27

Biceps brachii

Answer 27

PA: short head - tip of coracoid process of scapula
long head - supra glenoid tubercle of scapula
DA: tuberosity of radius and fasciae of forearm via bicpital aponeurosis
Innervation : musculocutaneous nerve (C5, *C6)
Action : supinate forearm and when it is supinated, flexes elbow joint
short head resists dislocation of shoulder

Question 28

Brachialis

Answer 28

PA: distal half of anterior surface of humerus
DA: coronoid process of tuberosity of ulna
Innervation : musculocutaneous nerve (C5, *C6)
*radial nerve innervates some of the lateral part
Action : flexes elbow joint in all positions

Question 29

Coracobrachialis

Answer 29

PA : tip of coronoid process of scapula
DA : middle third of medial surface of humerus
Innervation : musculocutaneous nerve (C5,*C6,C7)
Action : helps flex and adduct shoulder
resists dislocation of shoulder

Question 30

Triceps brachi

Answer 30

PA : long head - infra glenoid tubercle of scapula
Lateral head - posterior surface of humerus, superior to
radial groove
medial head - posterior surface of humerus, inferior to radial
groove
DA: proximal end of olecranon of ulna and fasciae of forearm
Innervation : radial nerve (C6, *C7, *C8)
Action : chief extensor of elbow joint
long head extends shoulder joint and resists dislocation of
humerus (esp. important during abduction)

Question 31

Anterior scalene

Answer 31

SA: anterior tubercles of transverse process of C3-C6
IA : 1st rib
Innervation: cervical spinal nerves C4-C6
Action : flexes neck laterally
elevates 1st rib during forced inspiration

Question 32

Middle scalene

Answer 32

SA: posterior tubercles of transverse processes C4-C7
IA: superior surface of 1st rib
posterior to groove for subclavian artery
Innervation : anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves
Action : flexes neck laterally
elevates 1st rib during forced inspiration

Question 33

Posterior scalene

Answer 33

SA: posterior tubercles of transverse processes C4-C6
IA : external border of 2nd rib
Innervation : anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves C7-C8
Action : flexes neck laterally
elevates 2nd rib during forced inspiration