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Clinical Anatomy > Upper Limb > Flashcards

Upper Limb Flashcards

muscles, inn, and blood supply

1
Q

Deltoid

A

O: lateral clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula
I: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Inn: axillary nerve (C5 [main], C6)
A: clavicular part: flexes and medially rotates arm
acromial part: abducts arm
spinal part: extends and laterally rotates arm
B: posterior circumflex humeral artery (from axillary artery)

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2
Q

Supraspinatus

A

O: supraspinous fossa of scapula
I: superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
Inn: suprascapular nerve (c4, C5, c6)
A: Initiates and assist deltoid in abduction of arm and acts with the other rotator cuff muscles, stabilize glenohumeral joint
B: suprascapular artery (from thyrocervical trunk–> from subclavian)

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3
Q

Infraspinatus

A

O: infraspinous fossa of scapula
I: middle fact of greater tubercle of humerus
Inn: suprascapular (C5, c6)
A: laterally rotate arm, acts with other rotator cuff m., stabilize glenohumeral joint
B: suprascapular and circumflex scapular arteries (from subscapular)

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4
Q

Teres major

A

O: posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula
I: medial lip intertubercular sulcus of humerus
Inn: lower subscapular (c5, C6)
A: adduct and medially rotate arm (maybe extension)
B: posterior circumflex humeral artery, and thoracodorsal branch of subscapular

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5
Q

Teres minor

A

O: lateral border of scapula
I: inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
Inn: axillary (C5, c6)
A: laterally rotate arm, act with other rotator cuff muscles, stabilize glenohumeral joint
B: subscapular and circumflex scapular artery, posterior circumflex humeral artery

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6
Q

Subscapularis

A

O: subscapular fossa
I: lesser tubercle of humerus
Inn: upper and lower subscapular nerve (c5, C6, c7)
A: medially rotate arm, part of rotator cuff, hold head of humerus in glenoid cavity, stabilize glenohumeral joint
B: subscapular

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7
Q

Biceps brachii

A

O: short head: tip of coracoid process of scapula
long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
I: tuberosity of radius and fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis
Inn: musculocutaneous (c5, C6, c7)
A: supinate forearm, when it is supine it flexes forearm; short head resists dislocation of shoulder
B: brachial

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8
Q

Coracobrachialis

A

O: tip of coracoid process of scapula
I: medial surface of humerus
Inn: musculocutaneous (c5, C6, c7)
A: help flex and adduct arm, resist dislocation of shoulder
B: branches of brachial, and anterior circumflex humeral and thoracoacromial

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9
Q

Brachialis

A

O: distal half of anterior surface of humerus
I: coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna
Inn: musculocutaneous (C5, C6), and radial nerve (C5, C7) at lateral end
A: flex forearm in all positions (at elbow)
B: brachial and recurrent radial artery, can be branches of ulnar collateral

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10
Q

Triceps brachii

A

O:
long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
lateral head: posterior surface of humerus, superior to radial groove
medial head: posterior surface of humerus, inferior to radial groove
I: proximal end of olecranon of ulna and fascia of forearm
Inn: radial nerve (c6, C7, C8)
A: chief extensor of forearm, long head resists dislocation of humerus, especially important during adduction
B: deep brachial (from brachial)

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11
Q

Anconeus

A

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: lateral surface of olecranon and superior part of posterior surface of ulna
Inn: radial (C7, C8, T1)
A: assist triceps in extending forearm, stabilize elbow joint, may abduct ulna during pronation
B: posterior interosseous recurrent (from posterior interosseous–> common interosseous –> ulnar)

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12
Q

Pronator teres

A

O: ulnar head: coronoid process
humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor origin)
I: middle of convexity (outward curve) of lateral radius
Inn: median (c6, C7)
A: pronate and flex forearm (at elbow)
B: ulnar, common interosseus, anterior ulnar recurrent

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13
Q

Flexor carpi radialis (FCR)

A

O: medial epicondyle of humerus
I: base of 2nd metacarpal
Inn: median (c6, C7)
A: flex and abduct hand (at wrist)
B: anterior or posterior recurrent ulnar (from ulnar)

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14
Q

Palmaris longus

A

O: medial epicondyle of humerus
I: distal half of flexor retinaculum and apex of palmar aponeurosis (main one)
Inn: median (C7, C8)
A: flex hand (at wrist), tense palmar aponeurosis
B: ulnar (from brachial) and median

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15
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU)

A

O: humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus
ulnar head: olecranon and posterior border of ulna
I: pisiform hook of hamate, 5th metacarpal
Inn: ulnar (c7, C8)
A: flex and adduct hand ( at wrist)
B: ulnar collateral with anterior and posterior ulnar recurrent ??????

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16
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS)

A

O: humero-ulnar head: medial epicondyle
radial head: superior half of anterior border
I: shaft of middle phalanges of medial four digits
Inn: median (C7, C8, T1)
A: flex middle phalanges at proximal interphalangeal joint of middle 4 digits, flexes proximal phalanges at metacarpophalangeal joint
B: ulnar

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17
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus (FDP)
medial part

A

O: proximal 3/4 of medial and anterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane
I: bases of distal phalanges of 4th and 5th digits
Inn: ulnar (c8, T1)
A: flex distal phalanges 4 and 5 at distal interphalangeal joints
B:

18
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus (FDP)
lateral part

A

O: proximal 3/4 of medial and anterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane
I: bases of distal phalanges of 2nd and 3rd digits
Inn: anterior interosseous nerve from median (C8, t1)
A: flex distal phalanges 2 and 3 at distal interphalangeal joint
B:

19
Q

Flexor pollicis longus (FPL)

A

O: anterior surface of radius and adjacent interosseous membrane
I: base of distal phalanx of thumb
Inn: anterior interosseous nerve from median (C8, t1)
A: flex phalanges of 1st digit (thumb)
B:

20
Q

Pronator quadratus

A

O: distal anterior surface of ulna
I: distal anterior surface of radius
Inn: anterior interosseous nerve from median (C8, t1)
A: pronate forearm, deep fibers bind radius and ulna together
B:

21
Q

Brachioradialis

A

O: proximal 2/3 of lateral supra-epicondylar ridge of humerus
I: lateral surface of distal end of radius proximal to styloid process
Inn: radial (c5, C6, c7)
A: weak flexion of forearm, max when forearm is in midpronated position
B:

22
Q

Extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL)

A

O: lateral supra-epicondylar ridge of humerus
I: dorsal aspect of base of 2nd metacarpal
Inn: radial (C6, C7)
A: extend and abduct hand at wrist joint, active during fist clenching
B:

23
Q

Extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB)

A

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: dorsal aspect of base of 3rd metacarpal
Inn: deep branch of radial (C7, c8)
A: extend and abduct hand at wrist joint
B:

24
Q

Extensor digitorum

A

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: extensor expansion of medial four digits
Inn: deep branch of radial (C7, c8)
A: extend medial four digits primarily at metacarpophalangeal joints, secondarily at interphalangeal joints
B:

25
Q

Extensor digiti minimi (EDM)

A

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: extensor expansion of 5th digit
Inn: deep branch of radial (C7, c8) (MY BOOK SAYS DIFF)
A: extend 5th digit primarily at metacarpophalangeal joint, secondarily at interphalangeal joint
B:

26
Q

Extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU)

A

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus, posterior border of ulna via aponeurosis
I: dorsal aspect of base of 5th metacarpal
Inn: deep branch of radial (C7, c8)
A: extend and adduct hand at wrist joint, active during clenching

27
Q

Supinator

A

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus, radial collateral and anular ligaments, supinator fossa, crest of ulna
I: lateral, posterior, and anterior surface of proximal 1/3 radius
Inn: deep branch of radial (c7, C8)
A: supinate forearm, rotate radius to turn palm anteriorly or superiorly (if elbow is flexed)
B:

28
Q

Extensor indicis

A

O: posterior surface of distal 1/3 of ulna and interosseous membrane
I: extensor expansion of 2nd digit
Inn: posterior interosseous (C7, c8), continuation of deep branch of radial nerve
A: extend 2nd digit (enables independent extension), helps extend hand at wrist
B:

29
Q

Abductor pollicis longus (APL)

A

O: posterior surface of proximal halves of ulna, radius, and interosseous membrane
I: base of 1st metacarpal
Inn: posterior interosseous (c7, C8), continuation of deep branch of radial nerve
A: abduct thumb and extend it at carpometacarpal joint
B:

30
Q

Extensor pollicis longus (EPL)

A

O: posterior surface of middle 1/3 ulna and interosseous membrane
I: dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of thumb
Inn: posterior interosseous (c7, C8), continuation of deep branch of radial nerve
A: extend distal phalanx of thumb at interphalangeal joint, extend metacarpophalangeal and carpometacarpal joint
B:

31
Q

Extensor pollicis brevis (EPB)

A

O: posterior surface of distal 1/3 of radius and interosseous membrane
I: dorsal aspect of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
Inn: posterior interosseous (c7, C8), continuation of deep branch of radial nerve
A: extend proximal phalanx of thumb at metacarpophalangeal joint, extend carpometacarpal joint
B:

32
Q

Opponens pollicis

A

O: flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium
I: lateral side of 1st metacarpal
Inn: recurrent branch of median (C8, t1)
A: oppose thumb, draws 1st metacarpal medially to center of palm and rotate it medially
B:

33
Q

Abductor pollicis brevis

A

O: flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium
I: lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
Inn: recurrent branch of median (C8, t1)
A: abduct thumb, helps oppose it
B:

34
Q

Flexor pollicis brevis (superficial and deep head)

A

O: flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium
I: lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
Inn: superficial head: recurrent branch of median (C8, t1)
deep head: deep branch of ulnar (c8, T1)
A: flex thumb
B:

35
Q

Adductor pollicis (oblique and transverse head)

A

O: oblique head: bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals, capitate, and adjacent carpals
transverse head: anterior surface of shaft of 3rd metacarpal
I: medial side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
Inn: deep branch of ulnar nerve (c8, T1)
A: adduct thumb toward lateral border of palm
B:

36
Q

Abductor digiti minimi

A

O: pisiform
I: medial side of base of proximal phalanx 5th digit
Inn: deep branch of ulnar (c8, T1)
A: abduct 5th digit, assist flexion of proximal phalanx
B:

37
Q

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

A

O: hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum
I: medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
Inn: deep branch of ulnar (c8, T1)
A: flex proximal phalanx of 5th digit
B:

38
Q

Opponens digiti

A

O: hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum
I: medial border of 5th metacarpal
Inn: deep branch of ulnar (c8, T1)
A: draw 5th metacarpal anterior and rotate it, bringing 5th digit into opposition with thumb
B:

39
Q

Lumbricals (1st and 2nd)

A

O: lateral two tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
I: lateral side of extensor expansions of 2-5 digits
Inn: median (c8, T1)
A: flex metacarpophalangeal joint, extend interphalangeal joint of 2-5
B:

40
Q

Lumbricals (3rd and 4th)

A

O: medial three tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
I: lateral sides of extensor expansions of 2-5 digits
Inn: deep branch of ulnar (c8, T1)
A: flex metacarpophalangeal joint, extend interphalangeal joint of 2-5
B:

41
Q

Dorsal interossei (1st-4th)

A

O: adjacent sides of two metacarpals
I: bases of proximal phalanges, extensor expansions of 2-4 digits
Inn: deep branch of ulnar (c8, T1)
A: abduct 2-4 digits from axial line, act with lumbrical in flexing metacarpophalangeal joint and extending interphalangeal joint
B:

42
Q

Palmar interossei (1st-3rd)

A

O: palmar surface of 2, 4, and 5 metacarpals
I: bases of proximal phalanges, extensor expansions of 2, 4, and 5 digits
Inn: deep branch of ulnar (c8, T1)
A: adduct 2, 4, and 5 digits toward axial line, assist lumbrical in flexing metacarpophalangeal joints and extending interphalangeal joint, extensor expansions of 2-4 digits
B:

Clinical Anatomy (6 decks)

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