Head and Neck Muscle Quiz Flashcards
Platysma
O: inf border of mandible, skin, and subcutaneous tissues of lower face
I: fascia covering superior parts of pectoralis major and deltoid muscles
Inn: Facial nerve (CN7)
A: draws corners of mouth inferiorly and widen it as in expressions of sadness and fright, draws skin of neck superiorly when teeth are clenched
Blood:
Sternocleidomastoid
O: manubrium, proximal clavicle
I: mastoid process, temporal bone
Inn: Accessory (CN11)
A: rotate head to opposite side, flex neck, extends head
B: superior thyroid, external carotid
V: external jugular
Mylohyoid
O: mylohyoid line of mandible
I: mylohyoid raphe and body of hyoid
Inn: mandibular (CNV3) specifically inf alveolar n.
A: elevate hyoid, floor of mouth, and tongue during swallowing and speaking
B: mylohyoid (branch of inf alveolar artery)
Geniohyoid
O: inf mental spine of mandible
I: body of hyoid
Inn: C1 via hypoglossal (CN12) and nerve to geniohyoid
A: pulls hyoid anterosuperiorly, shorten floor of mouth, widen pharynx
B: sublingual branch of lingual artery
Stylohyoid
O: Stylohyoid process of temporal bone
I: body of hyoid
Inn: stylohyoid branch of facial nerve
A: elevate and retract hyoid, elongate floor of mouth
B: branches of facial, occipital, and posterior auricular (all from Ext. carotid)
Digastric (anterior belly)
O: digastric fossa of mandible
I: intermediate tendon to body and greater horn of hyoid
Inn: nerve to mylohyoid, branch of inferior alveolar
A: work with infrahyoid m. depress mandible against resistance, elevate and steady hyoid during swallowing and speaking
B: submental from facial
Digastric (posterior belly)
O: mastoid notch of temporal bone
I: intermediate tendon to body and greater horn of hyoid
Inn: digastric branch of facial (CN7)
A: work with infrahyoid m. depress mandible against resistance, elevate and steady hyoid during swallowing and speaking
B: post. auricular and occipital
Sternohyoid
O: manubrium of sternum and medial end of clavicle
I: body of hyoid
Inn: C1-C3 branch of ansa cervicalis
A: depress hyoid after elevation during swallowing
B: superior thyroid A/V
Omohyoid
O: superior border of scapula near suprascapular notch
I: inferior border of hyoid
Inn: C1-C3 of ansa cervicalis
A: depress, retract, and steady hyoid
B: superior and inf thyroid
Sternothyroid
O: posterior surface of manubrium of sternum
I: oblique line of thyroid cartilage
Inn: C2-C3 branch of ansa cervicalis
A: depress hyoid and larynx
B: lingual and sup thyroid
Thyrohyoid
O: oblique line of thyroid cartilage
I: inf border of body and greater horn of hyoid
Inn: C1 via hypoglossal (CN12) and nerve to thryohyoid
A: depress hyoid and elevate larynx
B: superior thyroid
Occipitofrontalis (front belly)
O: Epicranial aponeurosis
I: skin and subcutaneous tissue of eyebrows and forehead
Inn: facial (CN 7)
A: elevate eyebrow and wrinkles skin of forehead, protract scalp
B: occipital A/V
Occipitofrontalis (occipital belly)
O: lateral 2/3 of sup nuchal line
I: epicranial aponeurosis
Inn: facial (CN 7)
A: retract scalp, increase effectiveness of frontal belly
Orbicularis Oculi
O: medial orbital margin, medial palpebral ligament, lacrimal bone
I: skin around margin of orbit, sup and inf tarsal plates
Inn: facial (temporal and zygomatic)
A: closes eyelids
Corrugator supercilii
O: medial end of superciliary arch
I: skin sup to middle of supra-orbital margin and superciliary arch
Inn: facial
A: draw eyebrow medially and inf, create vertical wrinkles above nose
B: sup temporal from opthalmic
Proceris and transverse part of nasalis
O: fascia aponeurosis covering nasal bone and lateral nasal cartilage
I: skin inf forhead, between eyebrows
Inn: facial (temporal)
A: depress medial end of eyebrow, wrinkles skin over dorsum of nose
B: facial
alar part of nasalis plus levator labii superiosis alaeque nasi
O: frontal process of maxilla
I: major alar cartilage, lat skin of upper lip
Inn: facial
A: depress ala lat, dilating ant nasal aperture, help to elevate upper lip
B: facial and maxillary
orbicularis oris
O: madial maxilla and mandible, deep surface of peri-oral skin, angle of mouth
I: mucous membrane of lips
Inn: buccal and mandibular (facial)
A: tonus closes oral fissure, phasic contraction compresses and protrudes lips (kissing) or resist distension (when blowing)
levator labii superiosis
O: infra-orbital margin (maxilla)
I: skin of upper lip
Inn: zygomatic and buccal (facial)
A: part of dilators of mouth, retract (elevate) and evert upper lip, deepen nasolabial sulcus (shows sadness)
zygomaticus major
O: lateral zygomatic bone
I: angle of mouth
Inn: zygomatic and buccal (facial)
A: dilator of mouth, elevate labial commissure to smile, one side at a time to sneer
zygomaticus minor
O: anterior zygomatic bone
I: skin of upper lip
Inn: facial
A: dilator of mouth, retract and evert upper lip, deepen nasolabial sulcus
buccinator
O: mandible, alveolar process of maxilla and mandible, pterygomandibular raphe
I: angle of mouth, orbicularis oris
Inn: buccal (facial)
A: press cheek against molars, work with tongue to keep food out of oral vestibule, resists distension
levator anguli oris
O: infra-orbital maxilla (canine fossa)
I: angle of mouth
Inn: zygomatic and buccal (facial)
A: dilator of mouth, widen oral fissure, when grinning or grimacing
risorius
O: parotid fascia and buccal skin
I: angle of mouth
Inn: buccal (facial)
A: dilator of mouth, depress labial commissure bilat to frown
depressor anguli oris
O: anterolateral base of mandible
I: angle of mouth
Inn: mandibular and buccal (facial)
A: dilator of mouth, depress labial commissure bilat to frown
depressor labii inferioris
O: platysma and anterolateral body of mandible
I: skin of lower lip
Inn: mandibular (facial)
A: dilator of mouth, retract and evert lower lip (pout, sadness)
mentalis
O: body of mandible
I: skin of chin (mentolabial sulcus)
Inn: mandibular (facial)
A: elevate and protrude lower lip, elevate skin of chin (show doubt)
levator palebrae superioris
O: lesser wing of sphenoid bone, sup and ant to optic canal
I: sup tarsus and skin of sup eyelid
Inn: Oculomotor nerve (CN 3), deep supplied by sympathetic fibers
A: elevate superior eyelid
superior oblique
O: body of sphenoid bone
I: sclera deep to sup rectus muscle
Inn: trochlear nerve (CN 4)
A: abduct, depress, and medially rotate eyeball
inferior oblique
O: anterior floor of orbit
I: sclera deep to lateral rectus m
Inn: oculomotor (CN 3)
A: abduct, elevate, and laterally rotate eyeball
superior rectus
O: common tendinous ring
I: sclera post to corneoscleral junction
Inn: oculomotor (CN3)
A: elevate, adduct, and rotate eyeball medially
inferior rectus
O: common tendinous ring
I: sclera post to corneoscleral junction
Inn: oculomotor (CN3)
A: depress, adduct, and rotate eyeball laterally
medial rectus
O: common tendinous ring
I: sclera post to corneoscleral junction
Inn: Oculomotor (CN3)
A: adduct eyeball
lateral rectus
O: common tendinous ring
I: sclera post to corneoscleral junction
Inn: abducent (CN6)
A: abducts eyeball
temporalis
O: floor of temporal fossa and deep surface of temporal fascia
I: tip and medial surface of coronoid process and ant border of ramus of mandible
Inn: mandibular (CN V3)
A: elevate mandible, close jaw, retract mandible
B: maxillary
masseter
O: inf border and medial surface of maxillary process of zygomatic bone and arch
I: angle and lat surface of ramus of mandible
Inn: mandibular (CN V3)
A: elevate mandible, close jaw, weak protrusion of mandible
B: maxillary
lateral pterygoid
O: infratemporal surface and crest of greater wing of sphenoid and lat pterygoid plate
I: joint capsule and articular disc of TMJ, pterygoid fovea on anteromedial neck of condyloid process of mandible
Inn: Mandibular (CN V3)
A: protract mandible and depress chin, swing jaw to one side, chewing movements
B: maxillary
medial pterygoid
O: medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate and pyramidal process of palatine bone and tuberosity of maxilla
I: medial surface of ramus of mandible, inf to mandibular foramen
Inn: mandibular (CN V3)
A: acts with masseter to elevate mandible, contribute to protrusion, smaller grinding movements
B: maxillary
tensor veli palatini
O: scaphoid fossa of medial pterygoid plate, spine of sphenoid bone and cartilage of pharyngotympanic tube
I: palatine aponeurosis
Inn: mandibular (CN V3)
A: tenses soft palate and open mouth of pharyngotympanic tube during swallowing and yawning
B: maxillary and facial
levator veli palatini
O: cartilage of pharyngotympanic tube and petrous part of temporal bone
I: palatine aponeurosis
Inn: Vagus (CN 10) pharyngeal plexus
A: elevate soft palate during swallowing and yawning
B: ascending pharyngeal and ascending palatine
palatoglossus
O: palatine aponeurosis
I: side of tongue
Inn: Vagus (CN 10) pharyngeal plexus
A: elevate post tongue and draw soft palate onto tongue
B: lingual
plataopharyngeus
O: hard palate and palatine aponeurosis
I: lateral wall of pharynx
Inn: Vagus (CN 10) pharyngeal plexus
A: tense soft palate and pull walls of pharynx sup, ant, and medially during swallowing
B: ascending pharyngeal
musculus uvulae
O: post nasal spine and palatine aponeurosis
I: mucosa of uvula
Inn: Vagus (CN 10) pharyngeal plexus
A: shorten uvula and pull it sup
genioglossus
O: sup mental spine of mandible
I: entire dorsum of tongue, body of hyoid
A: depress tongue, mainly middle to create longitudinal furrow, pulls tongue ant for protrusion, retract apex of protruded tongue
B: lingual
hyoglossus
O: body and greater horn of hyoid
I: inf lateral tongue
A: depress tongue, pulls side inf, helps retrude tongue
B: sublingual and submental (lingual and facial)
styloglossus
O: ant border of distal styloid process, stylohyoid ligament
I: sides of tongue post
A: retrude tongue and curl its sides, work with genioglossus to form central tough during swallowing
B: sublingual
superior longitudinal
O: submucosal layer and median fibrous septum
I: margin of tongue and mucous membrane
A: curl tongue longitudinally upward, elevating apex and sides, shortens it
inferior longitudinal
O: root of tongue and body of hyoid
I: apex of tongue
A: curl tongue longitudinally downward, depress apex, shorten
transverse tongue
O: median fibrous septum
I: fibrous tissue at lateral lingual margins
A: narrows and elongate
vertical (tongue)
O: submucosal layer of dorsum
I: inf surface of borders
A: flattens and broadens
Cricothyroid
O: front of cricoid cartilage
I: inf margin and inf horn of thyroid cartilage
Inn: external laryngeal CN10
A: stretches and tenses vocal ligament
B: cricothryroid (sup thyroid)
thyroarytenoid
O: posterior angle of thyroid laminae and cricothyroid ligament
I: front arytenoid surface
Inn: inf laryngeal from CN 10)
A: relaxes vocal ligament
B: sup and inf thyroid
posterior cricoarytenoid
O: back side of lamina of cricoid cartilage
I: muscular process of arytenoid cartilage
Inn: inf laryngeal (CN10)
A: abduct vocal folds
B: sup and inf thyroid
lateral cricoarytenoid
O: arch of cricoid cartilage
I: muscular process of arytenoid cartilage
Inn: inf laryngeal (CN10)
A: adduct vocal fold
B: sup and inf thyroid
transverse and oblique arytenoids
O: one arytenoid cartilage
I: contralateral arytenoid cartilage
Inn: inf laryngeal (CN10)
A: adduct arytenoid cartilages
B: sup and inf thyroid
vocalis
O: lateral surface of vocal process of arytenoid cartilage
I: same side vocal ligament
Inn: inf laryngeal (10)
A: relax post vocal ligament while maintaining tension of anterior part
B: sup and inf thyroid
superior pharyngeal constrictor
O: pterygoid, hamulus, pterygomandibular raphe, post end of mylohyoid line of mandible and side of tongue
I: pharyngeal tubercle on basilar of occipital bone
Inn: pharyngeal branch of Vagus (CN 10) and pharyngeal plexus
A: constrict walls of pharynx during swallowing
B: ascending pharyngeal
middle pharyngeal constrictor
O: stylohyoid ligament and greater and lesser horns of hyoid
I: Pharyngeal raphe
Inn: vagus (CN 10) and pharyngeal plexus
A: constrict walls of pharynx during swallowing
B: ascending pharyngeal
inferior pharyngeal constrictor
O: oblique line of thyroid cartilage and side of circoid cartilage
I: cricopharyngeal encircles pharyngoesophageal junction without forming a raphe
Inn: Vagus (CN 10) and pharyngeal plexus
A: constrict walls of pharynx during swallowing
B: ascending thyroid and inf thyroid
salpingopharyngeus
O: cartilaginous part of pharyngotympanic tube
I: blends with palatopharyngeus
Inn: vagus (10) and pharyngeal plexus
A: elevate pharynx and larynx during swallowing and speaking
B: ascending pharyngeal
stylopharyngeus
O: styloid process of temporal bone
I: post and sup borders of thyroid cartilage with palatopharyngeus
Inn: glossopharyngeal (CN 9)
A: elevate pharynx and larynx during swallowing and speaking
B: ascending pharyngeal
