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Clinical Anatomy > Lower Limb Muscles > Flashcards

Lower Limb Muscles Flashcards

Glute, thigh, leg, and foot region

1
Q

Pectineus

A

O: superior ramus of pubis
I: pectineal line of femur, inf to lesser trochanter
Inn: femoral (can also come from obturator nerve)
A: adduct and flex hip, assist with lateral rotation
B:

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2
Q

Psoas major

A

O: sides of T12-L5 and discs, transverse process of all lumbar
I: lesser trochanter of femur
Inn: anterior rami of lumbar nerves (L1-L3)
A: act jointly in flexion and later rotation of hip, and stabilize joint when standing
B:

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3
Q

Psoas minor

A

O: sides of T12-L1 and intervertebral discs
I: pectineal line and iliopubic eminence via iliopectineal arch
Inn: anterior rami of lumbar nerves
A: act jointly in flexion and lateral rotation of hip, stabilize joint when standing
B:

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4
Q

Iliacus

A

O: iliac crest, iliac fossa, ala of sacrum, ant sacroiliac ligament
I: tendon of psoas major, lesser trochanter, femur
Inn: femoral
A: act jointly in flexion and lateral rotation of hip, stabilize joint when standing
B:

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5
Q

Sartorius

A

O: anterior superior iliac spine
I: superior medial surface of tibia
Inn: femoral
A: flex, abduct, and lat rotate hip, flex knee (medially rotate leg when knee is flexed
B:

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6
Q

Rectus femoris

A

O: anterior inferior iliac spine and ilium superior to acetabulum
I: common tendinous (quadriceps tendon), base of patella, patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
Inn: femoral (L2-L4)
A: extend knee joint, steadies hip joint and help iliopsoas flex hip
B:

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7
Q

Vastus lateralis

A

O: greater trochanter, lateral lip of linea aspera of femur
I: common tendinous (quadriceps tendon), base of patella, patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity, aponeuroses to tibia and patella
Inn: femoral nerve
A: extend knee
B:

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8
Q

Vastus medialis

A

O: intertrochanteric line and medial lip of linea aspera of femur
I: common tendinous (quadriceps tendon), base of patella, patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity, aponeuroses to tibia and patella
Inn: femoral nerve
A: extend knee
B:

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9
Q

Vastus intermedius

A

O: anterior and lateral surfaces of shaft of femur
I: common tendinous (quadriceps tendon), base of patella, patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
Inn: femoral nerve
A: extend knee
B:

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10
Q

Adductor longus

A

O: body of pubis inferior to pubic crest
I: middle 1/3 of linear aspera of femur
Inn: obturator and branch of anterior division (l2,L3,l4)
A: adducts hip
B:

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11
Q

Adductor brevis

A

O: body and inferior ramus of pubis
I: pectineal line and proximal linea aspera of femur
Inn: obturator and branch of anterior division
A: adducts hip, flex hip to some extent
B:

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12
Q

Adductor magnus (adductor part)

A

O: adductor part: inf ramus of pubis and ramus of ischium
I: gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line
Inn: obturator (l2,L3,L4) and post division
A: adduct hip, flex hip
B:

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13
Q

Adductor magnus (hamstring part)

A

O: ischial tuberosity
I: adductor tubercle of femur
Inn: tibial part of sciatic nerve (L4)
A: adduct hip, extend hip
B:

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14
Q

Gracilis

A

O: body and inf ramus of pubis
I: sup part of medial surface of tibia
Inn: obturator (L2,l3)
A: adduct hip, flex knee, medially rotate when flexed
B:

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15
Q

Obturator externus

A

O: margins of obturator foramen and obturator membrane
I: trochanteric fossa of femur
Inn: obturator (l3, L4)
A: laterally rotate hip, stabilize hip

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16
Q

Gluteus maximus

A

O: ilium (post to posterior gluteal line), dorsal surface of sacrum and coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament
I: iliotibial tract (inserts into lateral condyle of tibia), gluteal tuberosity
Inn: inf gluteal (l5,S1,S2)
A: extend hip, assist lateral rotation, fixes hip and assist in rising from sitting
B:

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17
Q

Gluteus medius

A

O: external surface of ilium between ant and post gluteal lines
I: lateral surface of greater trochanter of femur
Inn: superior gluteal (L5)
A: abduct and medially rotate hip, keep pelvis level when same leg is weight bearing and advance opposite side during swing phase
B:

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18
Q

Gluteus minimus

A

O: external surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines
I: anterior surface of greater trochanter of femur
Inn: superior gluteal (L5)
A: abduct and medially rotate hip, keep pelvis level when same leg is weight bearing and advance opposite side during swing phase
B:

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19
Q

Tensor fasciae latae

A

O: anterior superior iliac spine, ant part of iliac crest
I: iliotibial tract, attaches to lateral condyle of tibia
Inn: superior gluteal (L5)
A: abduct and medially rotate hip, keep pelvis level when same leg is weight bearing and advance opposite side during swing phase
B:

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20
Q

Piriformis

A

O: anterior surface of sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament
I: superior border of greater trochanter of femur
Inn: branches ant rami (S1)
A: laterally rotate extended hip and abduct hip when flexed, stabilize hip
B:

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21
Q

Obturator internus

A

O: pelvic surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bones
I: medial surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) of femur
Inn: obturator internus (l5, S1)
A: laterally rotate extended hip, abduct hip when flexed, stabilize hip
B:

22
Q

Gemellus superior

A

O: ischial spine
I: medial surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) of femur
Inn: same nerve as obturator internus
A: laterally rotate extended hip, abduct hip when flexed, stabilize hip
B:

23
Q

Gemellus inferior

A

O: ischial tuberosity
I: medial surface of greater trochanter of femur
Inn: same nerve as quadratus femoris
A: laterally rotate extended hip, abduct hip when flexed, stabilize hip
B:

24
Q

Quadratus femoris

A

O: lateral border of ischial tuberosity
I: quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest of femur and area inf to it
Inn: nerve to quadratus femoris (L5-S1)
A: laterally rotates hip, stabilize hip
B:

25
Q

Semitendinosus

A

O: ischial tuberosity
I: superior part of medial surface of tibia
Inn: tibial division of sciatic nerve part of tibia (L5, S1)
A: extend hip, flex knee and medially rotate when flexed, when hip and knee are flexed (like sitting) these muscles extend trunk at hip (to rise)
B:

26
Q

Semimembranosus

A

O: ischial tuberosity
I: post medial condyle of tibia , reflected attachment forms oblique popliteal ligament
Inn: tibial division of sciatic nerve part of tibia (L5, S1)
A: extend hip, flex knee and medially rotate when flexed, when hip and knee are flexed (like sitting) these muscles extend trunk at hip (to rise)
B:

27
Q

Biceps femoris

A

O: LH: ischial tuberosity
SH: linea aspera and lat supracondylar line of femur
I: lat side of head of fibula, tendon is split by fibular collateral ligament of knee
Inn: LH: tibial division of sciatic
SH: common fibular division of sciatic
A: flex knee and lat rotates it when flexed, long head extends hip, accelerating mass during first step of gait and when rising from sitting
B:

28
Q

Tibialis anterior

A

O: lateral condyle and sup half of lat surface of tibia and interosseous membrane
I: medial and inferior surfaces of medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal
Inn: deep fibular (L4)
A: dorsiflexes ankle and invert subtalar
B:

29
Q

Extensor digitorum longus

A

O: lat condyle of tibia and sup medial surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
I: middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits
Inn: deep fibular
A: extend lat 4 digits and dorsiflex ankle
B:

30
Q

Extensor hallucis longus

A

O: middle anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
I: dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of great toe (hallux)
Inn: deep fibular
A: extend great toe and dorsiflex ankle
B:

31
Q

Fibularis tertius

A

O: inf 1/3 of ant surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
I: dorsum of base of 5th metatarsal
Inn: deep fibular
A: dorsiflex ankle and aid in eversion of subtalar joint
B:

32
Q

Fibularis longus

A

O: head and superior 2/3 lat surface of fibula
I: base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform
Inn: superficial fibular
A: evert subtalar joint and weakly plantarflex ankle
B:

33
Q

Fibularis brevis

A

O: inf 2/3 of lat surface of fibula
I: dorsal surface of tuberosity on lat side of base of 5th metatarsal
Inn: superficial fibular
A: evert subtalar joint and weakly plantarflex ankle
B:

34
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

O: lat head: lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femur
medial head: popliteal surface of femur, sup to medial condyle
I: post surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
Inn: tibial (S1,S2)
A: planterflex ankle when knee is extended, raise heel during walking, flex knee
B:

35
Q

Soleus

A

O: post aspect of head and sup posterior surface of fibula, soleal line and middle of medial border of tibia, tendinous arch extending between bony attachments
I: posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
Inn: tibial nerve
A: plantarflex ankle independent of position of knee, stabilize ankle
B:

36
Q

Plantaris

A

O: inf end of lat supracondylar line of femur, oblique popliteal ligament
I: post surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
Inn: tibial
A: weakly assist gastrocnemius in plantarflexion of ankle

37
Q

Popliteus

A

O: lat surface of lat condyle of femur and lat meniscus
I: post surface of tibia and sup to soleal line
Inn: tibial
A: weakly flex knee and unlocks it by rotating femur 5degrees on fixed tibia, medially rotate tibia of unplanted limb
B:

38
Q

Flexor hallucis longus

A

O: inf 2/3 of post surface of fibula, inf interosseous membrane
I: base of distal phalanx of great toe (hallux)
Inn: tibial
A: flex great toe at all joints, weakly plantar flex ankle, support medial longitudinal arch of foot
B:

39
Q

Flexor digitorum longus

A

O: medial post surface of tibia inf to soleal line, broad tendon to fibula
I: bases of distal phalanges of lat 4 digits
Inn: tibial
A: flex lat 4 digits, plantarflex ankle, support longitudinal arch of foot
B:

40
Q

Tibialis posterior

A

O: interosseous membrane, post surface of tibia inf to soleal line, post surface of fibula
I: tuberosity of navicular, cuneiform, cuboid, and sustentaculum tali of calcaneus, bases of 2, 3, and 4th metatarsals
Inn: tibial
A: plantarflex ankle, invert foot, maintain medial longitudinal arch
B:

41
Q

Abductor hallucis

A

O: medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus, flexor retinaculum, plantar aponeurosis
I: medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit
Inn: medial plantar
A: abduct and flex 1st digit, (great toe, hallux) at metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal
B:

42
Q

Flexor digitorum brevis

A

O: medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis, intermuscular septa
I: both sides of middle phalanges of lat 4 digits
Inn: medial plantar
A: flex lat 4 digits at MTP and IP
B:

43
Q

Abductor digiti minimi

A

O: medial and lat tubercles of tuberosity of calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis, intermuscular septa
I: lat side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
Inn: lat plantar
A: abduct and flex little toe (5th digit) at MTP and IP
B:

44
Q

Quadratus plantae

A

O: medial surface and lat margin of plantar surface of calcaneus
I: posterolateral margin of tendon of flexor digitorum longus
Inn: lateral plantar
A: assist flexor digitorum longus in flexing lateral 4 digits at MTP and IP
B:

45
Q

Lumbricals

A

O: tendons of flexor digitorum longus
I: medial aspect of expansion over lateral 4 digits
Inn: medial 1: medial plantar
Lateral 3: lateral plantar
A: flex proximal IP, extend middle and distal IP of lateral 4 digits
B:

46
Q

Flexor hallucis brevis

A

O: plantar surface of cuboid and lat cuneiforms
I: both sides of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit
Inn: medial plantar
A: flex proximal interphalangeal of 1st digit
B:

47
Q

Adductor hallucis

A

O: oblique head: bases of metatarsals 2-4
transverse head: plantar ligaments of metatarsophalangeal
I: tendons of both heads attach to lat side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit
Inn: deep branch of lat plantar
A: adduct 1st digit, assist in maintaining transverse arch of foot by pulling metatarsals medially
B:

48
Q

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

A

O: base of 5th metatarsal
I: base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
Inn: superficial branch of lat plantar
A: flex proximal IP of 5th digit, assisting with flexion of digit
B:

49
Q

Plantar interossei

A

O: plantar aspect of medial sides of shafts of metatarsals 3-5
I: medial side of bases of phalanges of 3-5 digits
Inn: lateral plantar
A: adduct and flex sigits 3-5 at MTP
B:

50
Q

Dorsal interossei

A

I: adjacent sides of shafts of metatarsals 1-5
I: 1st: medial side of proximal phalanx of 2nd digit
2nd-4th: lateral sides of 2-4 digits
Inn: lateral plantar
A: abduct and flex digits 2-4 at MTP joints

51
Q

Extensor digitorum brevis

A

O: calcaneus, interosseous talocalcaneal ligament, stem of inf extensor retinaculum
I: long extensor tendon of 3 intermediate digits (2-4)
Inn: deep fibular
A: aid extensor digitorum longus in extending 3 intermediate toes at metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal
B:

52
Q

Extensor hallucis brevis

A

O: in common with extensor digitorum brevis
I: dorsal aspect of base of proximal phalanx of great toe (digit 1)
Inn: deep fibular
A: aid extensor hallucis longus in extending great toe at MTP
B:

Clinical Anatomy (6 decks)

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