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Clinical Anatomy > Lower Limb Muscles > Flashcards

Lower Limb Muscles Flashcards

Glute, thigh, leg, and foot region

1
Q

Pectineus

A

O: superior ramus of pubis
I: pectineal line of femur, inf to lesser trochanter
Inn: femoral (can also come from obturator nerve)
A: adduct and flex hip, assist with lateral rotation
B:

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2
Q

Psoas major

A

O: sides of T12-L5 and discs, transverse process of all lumbar
I: lesser trochanter of femur
Inn: anterior rami of lumbar nerves (L1-L3)
A: act jointly in flexion and later rotation of hip, and stabilize joint when standing
B:

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3
Q

Psoas minor

A

O: sides of T12-L1 and intervertebral discs
I: pectineal line and iliopubic eminence via iliopectineal arch
Inn: anterior rami of lumbar nerves
A: act jointly in flexion and lateral rotation of hip, stabilize joint when standing
B:

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4
Q

Iliacus

A

O: iliac crest, iliac fossa, ala of sacrum, ant sacroiliac ligament
I: tendon of psoas major, lesser trochanter, femur
Inn: femoral
A: act jointly in flexion and lateral rotation of hip, stabilize joint when standing
B:

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5
Q

Sartorius

A

O: anterior superior iliac spine
I: superior medial surface of tibia
Inn: femoral
A: flex, abduct, and lat rotate hip, flex knee (medially rotate leg when knee is flexed
B:

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6
Q

Rectus femoris

A

O: anterior inferior iliac spine and ilium superior to acetabulum
I: common tendinous (quadriceps tendon), base of patella, patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
Inn: femoral (L2-L4)
A: extend knee joint, steadies hip joint and help iliopsoas flex hip
B:

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7
Q

Vastus lateralis

A

O: greater trochanter, lateral lip of linea aspera of femur
I: common tendinous (quadriceps tendon), base of patella, patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity, aponeuroses to tibia and patella
Inn: femoral nerve
A: extend knee
B:

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8
Q

Vastus medialis

A

O: intertrochanteric line and medial lip of linea aspera of femur
I: common tendinous (quadriceps tendon), base of patella, patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity, aponeuroses to tibia and patella
Inn: femoral nerve
A: extend knee
B:

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9
Q

Vastus intermedius

A

O: anterior and lateral surfaces of shaft of femur
I: common tendinous (quadriceps tendon), base of patella, patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
Inn: femoral nerve
A: extend knee
B:

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10
Q

Adductor longus

A

O: body of pubis inferior to pubic crest
I: middle 1/3 of linear aspera of femur
Inn: obturator and branch of anterior division (l2,L3,l4)
A: adducts hip
B:

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11
Q

Adductor brevis

A

O: body and inferior ramus of pubis
I: pectineal line and proximal linea aspera of femur
Inn: obturator and branch of anterior division
A: adducts hip, flex hip to some extent
B:

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12
Q

Adductor magnus (adductor part)

A

O: adductor part: inf ramus of pubis and ramus of ischium
I: gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line
Inn: obturator (l2,L3,L4) and post division
A: adduct hip, flex hip
B:

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13
Q

Adductor magnus (hamstring part)

A

O: ischial tuberosity
I: adductor tubercle of femur
Inn: tibial part of sciatic nerve (L4)
A: adduct hip, extend hip
B:

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14
Q

Gracilis

A

O: body and inf ramus of pubis
I: sup part of medial surface of tibia
Inn: obturator (L2,l3)
A: adduct hip, flex knee, medially rotate when flexed
B:

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15
Q

Obturator externus

A

O: margins of obturator foramen and obturator membrane
I: trochanteric fossa of femur
Inn: obturator (l3, L4)
A: laterally rotate hip, stabilize hip

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16
Q

Gluteus maximus

A

O: ilium (post to posterior gluteal line), dorsal surface of sacrum and coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament
I: iliotibial tract (inserts into lateral condyle of tibia), gluteal tuberosity
Inn: inf gluteal (l5,S1,S2)
A: extend hip, assist lateral rotation, fixes hip and assist in rising from sitting
B:

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17
Q

Gluteus medius

A

O: external surface of ilium between ant and post gluteal lines
I: lateral surface of greater trochanter of femur
Inn: superior gluteal (L5)
A: abduct and medially rotate hip, keep pelvis level when same leg is weight bearing and advance opposite side during swing phase
B:

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18
Q

Gluteus minimus

A

O: external surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines
I: anterior surface of greater trochanter of femur
Inn: superior gluteal (L5)
A: abduct and medially rotate hip, keep pelvis level when same leg is weight bearing and advance opposite side during swing phase
B:

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19
Q

Tensor fasciae latae

A

O: anterior superior iliac spine, ant part of iliac crest
I: iliotibial tract, attaches to lateral condyle of tibia
Inn: superior gluteal (L5)
A: abduct and medially rotate hip, keep pelvis level when same leg is weight bearing and advance opposite side during swing phase
B:

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20
Q

Piriformis

A

O: anterior surface of sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament
I: superior border of greater trochanter of femur
Inn: branches ant rami (S1)
A: laterally rotate extended hip and abduct hip when flexed, stabilize hip
B:

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21
Q

Obturator internus

A

O: pelvic surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bones
I: medial surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) of femur
Inn: obturator internus (l5, S1)
A: laterally rotate extended hip, abduct hip when flexed, stabilize hip
B:

22
Q

Gemellus superior

A

O: ischial spine
I: medial surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) of femur
Inn: same nerve as obturator internus
A: laterally rotate extended hip, abduct hip when flexed, stabilize hip
B:

23
Q

Gemellus inferior

A

O: ischial tuberosity
I: medial surface of greater trochanter of femur
Inn: same nerve as quadratus femoris
A: laterally rotate extended hip, abduct hip when flexed, stabilize hip
B:

24
Q

Quadratus femoris

A

O: lateral border of ischial tuberosity
I: quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest of femur and area inf to it
Inn: nerve to quadratus femoris (L5-S1)
A: laterally rotates hip, stabilize hip
B:

25
Semitendinosus
O: ischial tuberosity I: superior part of medial surface of tibia Inn: tibial division of sciatic nerve part of tibia (L5, S1) A: extend hip, flex knee and medially rotate when flexed, when hip and knee are flexed (like sitting) these muscles extend trunk at hip (to rise) B:
26
Semimembranosus
O: ischial tuberosity I: post medial condyle of tibia , reflected attachment forms oblique popliteal ligament Inn: tibial division of sciatic nerve part of tibia (L5, S1) A: extend hip, flex knee and medially rotate when flexed, when hip and knee are flexed (like sitting) these muscles extend trunk at hip (to rise) B:
27
Biceps femoris
O: LH: ischial tuberosity SH: linea aspera and lat supracondylar line of femur I: lat side of head of fibula, tendon is split by fibular collateral ligament of knee Inn: LH: tibial division of sciatic SH: common fibular division of sciatic A: flex knee and lat rotates it when flexed, long head extends hip, accelerating mass during first step of gait and when rising from sitting B:
28
Tibialis anterior
O: lateral condyle and sup half of lat surface of tibia and interosseous membrane I: medial and inferior surfaces of medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal Inn: deep fibular (L4) A: dorsiflexes ankle and invert subtalar B:
29
Extensor digitorum longus
O: lat condyle of tibia and sup medial surface of fibula and interosseous membrane I: middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits Inn: deep fibular A: extend lat 4 digits and dorsiflex ankle B:
30
Extensor hallucis longus
O: middle anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane I: dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of great toe (hallux) Inn: deep fibular A: extend great toe and dorsiflex ankle B:
31
Fibularis tertius
O: inf 1/3 of ant surface of fibula and interosseous membrane I: dorsum of base of 5th metatarsal Inn: deep fibular A: dorsiflex ankle and aid in eversion of subtalar joint B:
32
Fibularis longus
O: head and superior 2/3 lat surface of fibula I: base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform Inn: superficial fibular A: evert subtalar joint and weakly plantarflex ankle B:
33
Fibularis brevis
O: inf 2/3 of lat surface of fibula I: dorsal surface of tuberosity on lat side of base of 5th metatarsal Inn: superficial fibular A: evert subtalar joint and weakly plantarflex ankle B:
34
Gastrocnemius
O: lat head: lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femur medial head: popliteal surface of femur, sup to medial condyle I: post surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon Inn: tibial (S1,S2) A: planterflex ankle when knee is extended, raise heel during walking, flex knee B:
35
Soleus
O: post aspect of head and sup posterior surface of fibula, soleal line and middle of medial border of tibia, tendinous arch extending between bony attachments I: posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon Inn: tibial nerve A: plantarflex ankle independent of position of knee, stabilize ankle B:
36
Plantaris
O: inf end of lat supracondylar line of femur, oblique popliteal ligament I: post surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon Inn: tibial A: weakly assist gastrocnemius in plantarflexion of ankle
37
Popliteus
O: lat surface of lat condyle of femur and lat meniscus I: post surface of tibia and sup to soleal line Inn: tibial A: weakly flex knee and unlocks it by rotating femur 5degrees on fixed tibia, medially rotate tibia of unplanted limb B:
38
Flexor hallucis longus
O: inf 2/3 of post surface of fibula, inf interosseous membrane I: base of distal phalanx of great toe (hallux) Inn: tibial A: flex great toe at all joints, weakly plantar flex ankle, support medial longitudinal arch of foot B:
39
Flexor digitorum longus
O: medial post surface of tibia inf to soleal line, broad tendon to fibula I: bases of distal phalanges of lat 4 digits Inn: tibial A: flex lat 4 digits, plantarflex ankle, support longitudinal arch of foot B:
40
Tibialis posterior
O: interosseous membrane, post surface of tibia inf to soleal line, post surface of fibula I: tuberosity of navicular, cuneiform, cuboid, and sustentaculum tali of calcaneus, bases of 2, 3, and 4th metatarsals Inn: tibial A: plantarflex ankle, invert foot, maintain medial longitudinal arch B:
41
Abductor hallucis
O: medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus, flexor retinaculum, plantar aponeurosis I: medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit Inn: medial plantar A: abduct and flex 1st digit, (great toe, hallux) at metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal B:
42
Flexor digitorum brevis
O: medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis, intermuscular septa I: both sides of middle phalanges of lat 4 digits Inn: medial plantar A: flex lat 4 digits at MTP and IP B:
43
Abductor digiti minimi
O: medial and lat tubercles of tuberosity of calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis, intermuscular septa I: lat side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit Inn: lat plantar A: abduct and flex little toe (5th digit) at MTP and IP B:
44
Quadratus plantae
O: medial surface and lat margin of plantar surface of calcaneus I: posterolateral margin of tendon of flexor digitorum longus Inn: lateral plantar A: assist flexor digitorum longus in flexing lateral 4 digits at MTP and IP B:
45
Lumbricals
O: tendons of flexor digitorum longus I: medial aspect of expansion over lateral 4 digits Inn: medial 1: medial plantar Lateral 3: lateral plantar A: flex proximal IP, extend middle and distal IP of lateral 4 digits B:
46
Flexor hallucis brevis
O: plantar surface of cuboid and lat cuneiforms I: both sides of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit Inn: medial plantar A: flex proximal interphalangeal of 1st digit B:
47
Adductor hallucis
O: oblique head: bases of metatarsals 2-4 transverse head: plantar ligaments of metatarsophalangeal I: tendons of both heads attach to lat side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit Inn: deep branch of lat plantar A: adduct 1st digit, assist in maintaining transverse arch of foot by pulling metatarsals medially B:
48
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
O: base of 5th metatarsal I: base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit Inn: superficial branch of lat plantar A: flex proximal IP of 5th digit, assisting with flexion of digit B:
49
Plantar interossei
O: plantar aspect of medial sides of shafts of metatarsals 3-5 I: medial side of bases of phalanges of 3-5 digits Inn: lateral plantar A: adduct and flex sigits 3-5 at MTP B:
50
Dorsal interossei
I: adjacent sides of shafts of metatarsals 1-5 I: 1st: medial side of proximal phalanx of 2nd digit 2nd-4th: lateral sides of 2-4 digits Inn: lateral plantar A: abduct and flex digits 2-4 at MTP joints
51
Extensor digitorum brevis
O: calcaneus, interosseous talocalcaneal ligament, stem of inf extensor retinaculum I: long extensor tendon of 3 intermediate digits (2-4) Inn: deep fibular A: aid extensor digitorum longus in extending 3 intermediate toes at metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal B:
52
Extensor hallucis brevis
O: in common with extensor digitorum brevis I: dorsal aspect of base of proximal phalanx of great toe (digit 1) Inn: deep fibular A: aid extensor hallucis longus in extending great toe at MTP B:

Clinical Anatomy (6 decks)

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