Upper limb Flashcards
What are the main bones in the lower arm and hand?
Radius, Ulna, 8 carpal bones, 5 metacarpal bones, 14 phalanges.
How many carpal bones are there?
8
How many metacarpal bones are there?
5
How many phalanges are there?
14
What is the singular name for phalanges?
Phalanx
What are the names of the carpal bones?
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate
Triquetral
Pisiform
Lunate
Scaphoid
What are the bone features of the elbow?
- Medial and lateral epicondyles of the humerus
- Olecranon process of the ulna
- Head of radius
What are bone features of the wrist and hand?
. Ulnar head
• Radial styloid process
• Triquetral bone and pisiform bone (ulnar side and palmar)
• Trapezium and Scaphoid (radial side and palmar)
NOTE: A hand, placed with a relaxed wrist palm down on a table will contact the surface by
means of the tubercle of the scaphoid and the pisiform bones
• The position of the heads and bases of the 5 metacarpal bone
What is the muscles where the body of this muscle forms the fleshy border of the anterior aspect of the lower arm?
Brachioradialis
Where is the Brachioradialis?
- the body of this muscle forms the fleshy border of the anterior aspect of the lower arm
What is the Origin, Insertion and Action of the Brachioradialis?
O: lower lateral humerus
I: radial styloid at the wrist (lies very deep)
A: flexes the forearm
What muscles is also know as an elbow flexor?
Brachialis (upper arm)
What is the muscle where the body of this muscle lies behind the biceps brachii and the biceps tendon in the distal part of the upper arm?
Brachialis
Where is the Brachialis?
the body of this muscle lies behind the biceps brachii and the biceps tendon in the distal part of the upper arm
What is the origin, insertion and action of the Brachialis?
O: distal half of humerus
I: coronoid process of ulna
A: flexes the elbow
What forms the most radial tendon on the anterior aspect of the wrist?
Flexor Carpi Radialis
What 2 points are relevant to Flexor Carpi Radialis?
Both Pc 7 and Lu 9 lie just radial to this tendon.
What is the origin, insertion and action of the flexor carpi radialis?
O: medial epicondyle of the humerus
I: bases of MCs 2 and 3 (travelling close to scaphoid in palm)
A: flexes and abducts the radial side of the wrist joint
What forms the most ulnar tendon on the anterior aspect of the wrist?
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
What tendon is just ulnar to He 4, 5, 6 and 7?
Flexor carpi Ulnaris
What channel runs between the body of Flexor Carpi Ulnaris and the ulna bone?
Small Intestine (SI) channel
What is the origin, insertion and action of the flexor carpi Ulnaris?
O: medial epicondyle of humerus
I: pisiform bone
A: flexes the ulnar side of the wrist joint (so
enabling the hand to move in an ulnar
direction
What tendon is absent in 10% of people?
Palmaris Longus
Where should you palpate for palmaris longus?
At the proximal wrist crease
What is the origin, insertion and action of the palmaris longus
O: medial epicondyle of humerus
I: fascia of the palm (flexor retinaculum)
A: flexes the wrist
What muscles make up the anatomical snuffbox?
- abductor Pollicis Longus
- Extensor Pollicis Longus
- Extensor Pollicis Bravis
What point lies in the Anatomical Snuffbox?
LI 5
What’s the origin, insertion and action of the Abductor Pollicis Longus?
O: posterior surface of
proximal half of radius and ulna
I: base of 1st MC bone
A: abducts and extends the
thumb
What the origin, insertion and action of the extensor Pollicis Longus?
O: dorsal aspect of ulna
I: base of distal phalanx of
thumb
A: extends the thumb
What the origin, insertion and action of the extensor Pollicis Brevis
O: exterior aspect of the
radius and ulna
I: base of proximal phalanx
of thumb
A: extends the thumb
What’s the origin, insertion and action of the extensor carpi ulnaris?
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: base of 5th MC
A: extends the ulnar side of the wrist joint (so enabling the hand to
move laterally in an ulnar direction) Important for making a fist
What is the arch of the carpal tunnel is held in position by a tough fibrous band on the palmar aspect of the wrist
called?
retinaculum
Where is the cubical fossa?
this is the anterior aspect of the elbow and is bounded by the
flexors of the lower arm, the medial border of brachioradialis and the biceps tendon.
What is the artery of the upper arm?
brachial artery
What is the muscle which forms the fleshy part of the thenar eminence?
Abductor pollicis brevis
What muscle in the hand helps to oppose the thumb to the finger tips?
Opponens Pollicis
What muscle spreads the fingers?
Dorsal Interossei
What nerves supply the arms are shoulder?
C3-T2 spinal nerve roots
What are the nerves of the arms?
(brachial plexus of nerves) and then lead into three major nerves which supply the arm: the radial nerve, the median nerve, and the ulnar nerve.
