Intro Flashcards
The body is divided longitudinally through the midline into right and left
halves. What plane is this?
Medial Plane
The body is divided longitudinally into its
anterior (front) and posterior (back) sections. What plane is this?
Frontal Plane
The body is divided cross-sectionally into
upper and lower part. What plane is this?
Transverse Plane
Positional terms- Inferior
Further from the head
Positional terms- superior
Nearer the head
Positional terms- Proximal
Closer to the original limb or body part
Positional terms- Distal
Further away from the original limb or body part.
Positional terms- Medial
Closer to the Midline of the body
Positional term- Superficial
Closer to the surface of the body
Positional terms- Deep
Closer to the centre of the body
Positional terms- posterior
Behind
Positional terms- Anterior
In front
Positional terms- dorsal or posterior
Relating to the back of any body part
Positional terms- ventral or anterior
Relating to the front of any body
Positional terms- palmar
Relating to the palms of the hands
Positional terms- plantar
Relating to the soles of the feet
Positional terms- ulnar
Relating to the little finger side of the forearm
Positional terms- radial
Relating to the thumb side of the forearm
Positional terms- supine
Lying face up
Positional terms- prone
Lying face down
What are the 4 body cavities?
Cranial, Thoracic, Abdominal and Pelvic
What body parts does the cranial body cavity contain?
The brain
What body parts are in the thoracic body cavity?
- the trachea (windpipe) and lungs
- the heart and numerous blood vessels
- the oesophagus (part of the digestive system)
- lymph vessels and lymph nodes
What body parts are in the abdominal cavity?
- the stomach, small intestine, and most of the large intestine
- the liver, gall bladder, bile ducts and pancreas
- the spleen
- the kidneys and adrenal glands
- blood vessels, lymph vessels and lymph nodes
What body parts are in the Pelvic cavity?
- the sigmoid colon, rectum, and anus
- some loops of the small intestine
- urinary bladder, urethra
- in the female: uterus, ovaries, and vagina
- in the male: prostate gland and other structures of the male reproductive system
What are sesamoid bones? Can you name some examples?
Sesamoid bones are those bones which are situated within tendons, for example the patella and pisiform bones.
What are considered to be the 2 parts of the skeleton?
The axial and the appendicular skeleton
What does the axial skeleton consist of?
- the skull
- the vertebrae
- the ribs
- the sternum
- the sacrum and
- the coccyx.
What bones consist of the appendicular skeleton?
- the bones which “hang off” the axial
skeleton which are… - the shoulder girdle (scapulae
and clavicles - the (arm bones) humerus,
radius, and ulna - the bones of the wrist and hand
- the hip bones
- the leg bones (femur, fibula, and
tibia) and - the bones of the ankles and
feet.
Tibia meaning…
Like a flute/pipe
Fibula meaning…
Like a buckle/brooch
Femur meaning…
Thigh
Humerus meaning…
Shoulder
Radius meaning…
Spoke of a wheel
Hamate meaning….
Like a hook
Scaphoid meaning
Like a boat
Occipital meaning….
Back of the hand
Parietal meaning..
Like a wall of a house
Sternum meaning…
The chest
Manubrium meaning…
Handle
Xiphoid meaning..
Sword
Ilium meaning
Flank
Sacrum meaning…
Sacred bone
What’s the Greek or Latin term for a hollow (from the Latin term for ditch)
Fossa
What the Greek or Latin term for the curved surface of bone which forms part of a joint?
Condyle
What’s the Greek or Latin term for ‘a bony feature which is closely related to (on/above) a condyle’?
Epicondyle
What the Greek or Latin term for ‘ a bony feature which projects out from surrounding bone’?
Tuberosity
What the Greek or Latin term for ‘ a hole/channel through bone (often forms the passage for blood vessels or nerves’?
Foremen (plural- Foramina)
What word in Greek or Latin is ‘ a foot like bony process (forms part of a typical vertebra)’?
Pedicle
In Greek or Latin what is ‘a flat process (forms part of typical vertebra)’?
Lamina
What joins bones to bones?
Ligaments
What links muscles to bones?
Tendons
Muscles that work in pairs are also know as?
antagonistic muscles.
Name the word meaning fibres that run parallel to the midline?
Rectus
Name the word meaning fibres that run at right angle to the midline?
Transverse
Name the word meaning fibres that run diagonally to the midline?
Oblique
