Upper Limb

Question 1

Carpal bones

Answer 1

Proximal row:
Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform

Distal:
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hook of hamate

Question 2

Upper limb joints

Answer 2

Sternoclavicular
Acromioclavicular
Scapulothoracic
Glenohumeral
Elbow
Wrist
Hand joints

Question 3

How is glenohumeral joint stabilised

Answer 3

Deepened by glenoid labrum

Rotator cuff muscles

Question 4

How does humerus articulate with radius and ulna

Answer 4

Trochlea articulates with ulna
Capitulum articulates with radius

Flexion:
Radial fossa accommodates head of radius
Coronoid fossa accommodates coronoid process of ulna

Extension:
Olecranon fossa accommodates olecranon of ulna

Question 5

Serratus anterior innervation and what happens during lesion

Answer 5

Long thoracic nerve

Winging of scapula

Question 6

Pectoral girdle muscles

Answer 6

Trapezius
Serratus anterior
Pectoralis major
Latissimus dorsi

Question 7

Intrinsic shoulder muscles

Answer 7

Deltoid
Teres major
Rotator cuff: supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, teres minor

Question 8

Anterior arm muscles and attachments

Answer 8

Biceps brachii: coracoid process, radial tuberosity

Coracobrachialis: coracoid process, medial humerus

Brachialis: distal humerus, ulna tuberosity

Question 9

Posterior arm muscles and attachments

Answer 9

Triceps brachii: 2 heads humerus, 1 head infraglenoid tubercle, olecranon process

Anconeus: lateral epicondyle of humerus, ulna

Question 10

Common flexor origin of forearm muscles

Answer 10

Medial epicondyle of humerus

Question 11

Forearm supination muscles

Answer 11

Supinator

Biceps brachii

Question 12

Forearm pronation muscles

Answer 12

Pronator teres

Pronator quadratus

Question 13

Muscles that act on wrist joint

Answer 13

Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor carpi radialis
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis

Question 14

2 groups of muscles in the hand

Answer 14

Thenar eminence

Hypothenar eminence

Question 15

Aponeurosis/retinaculum

Answer 15

Bicipital aponeurosis(proximal forearm)
Flexor retinaculum(wrist)
Palmar aponeurosis(palmar hand)

Question 16

Main groups of nerves of brachial plexus

Answer 16

Supraclavicular(dorsal scapular, long thoracic)

Infraclavicular(main peripheral nerves)

Question 17

Main peripheral nerves of brachial plexus and which cord supplies them

Answer 17

Musculocutaneous(lateral)
Ulnar(medial)
Median(medial and lateral)
Radial(posterior)
Axillary(posterior)

Question 18

Musculocutaneous nerve innervation

Answer 18

Anterior arm muscles e.g. biceps brachii

Cutaneous innervation of lat forearm

Question 19

Ulnar nerve innervation

Answer 19

Cutaneous innervation of medial hand
Forearm muscles: flexor digitorum profundus, flexor carpi ulnaris
Hypothenar eminence

Question 20

Median nerve innervation

Answer 20

Anterior forarem muscles
Intrinsic hand muscles
Cutaneous innervation of lateral palmar hand

Question 21

Radial nerve innervation

Answer 21

Posterior arm/forearm muscles

Cutaneous innervation of lateral dorsal hand

Question 22

Axillary nerve innervation

Answer 22

Deltoid and teres minor

Question 23

Dorsal scapular nerve innervation

Answer 23

Levator scapulae, rhomboid major and minor

Question 24

Suprascapular nerve innervation

Answer 24

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus

Question 25

Subclavian nerve innervation

Answer 25

Subclavius

Question 26

Arteries pathway

Answer 26

``` Subclavian Axillary Brachial Ulnar, radial Deep palmar arch, dorsal carpal arch ```

Question 27

Ulnar artery important branch

Answer 27

Common interosseous->ant/post interosseous

Question 28

Functions of venae comitantes

Answer 28

Heat exchange | Arterial pulse promotes venous flow

Question 29

Superficial veins

Answer 29

Dorsal network of hand Cephalic(lateral) Basilic(medial) Median cubital vein

Question 30

Lymph nodes

Answer 30

Cubital nodes | Axillary nodes

Question 31

Nerves that are easily damaged and where

Answer 31

Ulnar nerve at medial epicondyle of humerus | Median nerve at wrist or distal forearm