HNS Flashcards
Bones of the skull
Frontal Parietal Temporal Occipital Sphenoid Zygomatic Maxillary Vomer Mandible
Bones in the nose
Palatine Vomer Inferior nasal concha Ethmoid bone Nasal bone
Bones that make up the pterion
Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Sphenoid
Sutures of the skull
Saggital suture
Lambdoid suture
Cranial base skull foramina
Cribiform plate(CN1) Optic canal(CN2) Superior orbital fissure(CN3,4,6) Foramen rotundum(maxillary CN5) Foramen ovale(mandibular CN5) Foramen spinosum(m meningeal artery) Foramen lacerum Carotid canal(ICA) Internal acoustic meatus(CN7,8) Jugular foramen(CN9,10,11) Hypoglossal canal(CN12) Foramen magnum(brainstem)
Meninges of the brain and features
Dura mater(periosteal and meningeal): thick inelastic
Arachnoid mater: elastic, subarachnoid space is CSF
Pia mater: thin, delicate
Dura mater separation and folds
Separates: superior saggital sinus
Folds: falx cerebri, tentorium cerebelli
What are the cranial nerves
Olfactory- smell Optic- vision Oculomotor- eye&eyelid muscles Trochlea- eye down and out Trigeminal- face sensation, mastication Abducens- eye abduction Facial- taste, facial muscles Vestibulocochlear- hearing & balance Glossopharyngeal-taste,stylopharyngeus Vagus- parasympathetic motor&sensory Accessory- SCM and trapezius Hypoglossal- tongue muscles
Circle of willis arteries
Anterior cerebral Anterior communicating Middle cerebral Posterior communicating Posterior cerebral Superior cerebellar Basilar Pontine Anterior inferior cerebellar Vertebral Anterior spinal Posterior inferior cerebellar
Cranial sinuses
Cavernous(lateral to sella turcica)
Confluence of sinuses(occipital lobe)
Straight
Transverse
Anterior triangle of neck muscles
Platysma Digastric Mylohyoid Thyrohyoid Sternothyroid Sternohyoid Omohyoid
Posterior triangle of neck neurovascular
External jugular Subclavian A&V Brachial plexus Phrenic nerve Vagus nerve Accessory nerve
External carotid artery branches
Superior thyroid Ascending laryngeal Lingual Facial Occipital Posterior auricular Maxillary Superficial temporal
Facial nerve branches and where they split
Parotid gland
Temporal Zygomatic Buccal Mandibular Cervical
Muscles of mastication(superficial and deep)
Superficial:
Temporalis
Masseter
Deep:
Lateral pterygoid
Medial pterygoid
Buccinator
Ventricles of brain and what they supply
Lateral: cerebral hemispheres
Third: diencephalon
Cerebral aqueduct: midbrain
Fourth: pons and medulla
Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area
Broca: speech production
Wernicke: speech comprehension
Saliva production and which CN
Parotid gland- CN9
Sublingual gland- CN7
Submandibular gland- CN7
Extrinsic tongue muscles and innervation
Palatoglossus(CN10)
Styloglossus(CN12)
Hyoglossus(CN12)
Genioglossus(CN12)
Larynx cartilages
Thyroid
Cricoid
Arytenoid
Larynx muscles
Post crico-arytenoid:open(abd) vocal fold
Lat crico-aryrenoid:close(add) vocal fold
Crico-thyroid: tense vocal fold->change pitch
Larynx innervation
Vagus nerve splits into superior laryngeal and recurrent laryngeal
Superior laryngeal splits into internal and external laryngeal
Internal: sensation above vocal folds
External: crico-thyroid muscle
Recurrent: sensation below vocal folds and all other muscles of larynx
What do the recurrent laryngeal nerves loop around
Right: right subclavian artery
Left: aortic arch
Parts of a typical vertebra
Body Pedicle Lamina Spinous process Transverse process
