Thorax

Question 1

Where is the heart contained

Answer 1

Pericardial sac in middle mediastinum
Fibrous(outer) and serous(inner)
Serous layer has parietal and visceral

Question 2

How are atrioventricular valves attached to ventricular wall

Answer 2

Anchored by chordae tendonae to papillary muscles of ventricular wall

Question 3

Left coronary artery branches

Answer 3

Anterior interventricular branch

Circumflex branch

Question 4

Right coronary artery branches

Answer 4

Marginal branch

Posterior interventricular branch

Question 5

Venous drainage of heart

Answer 5

Coronary sinus drains into right atrium

Question 6

Heart veins

Answer 6

Great cardiac(anterior interventricular)
Middle cardiac(posterior interventricular)
Small cardiac

Question 7

Types of ribs

Answer 7

1-7: true
8-10: false
11-12: floating

Question 8

Parts of sternum

Answer 8

Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid process

Question 9

Intercostal muscles and innervation

Answer 9

External(replaced by membrane anteriorly)
Internal(replaced by membrane posteriorly)
Innermost

Intercostal nerves

Question 10

Intercostal neurovascular bundle

Answer 10

Between internal and innermost intercostal muscles

Sup-inf: vein, artery, nerve

Question 11

Borders of chest drain

Answer 11

Apex below axilla
Lateral border of pec major
Anterior border of lat dorsi
Level of nipple

Question 12

Trachea bifurcation

Answer 12

T4/T5 or sternal angle(surface landmark)

Question 13

Difference between right and left bronchus

Answer 13

Right is more vertical and wider

Question 14

Lung lobes

Answer 14

Left:
Oblique fissure separates upper and lower lobes

Right:
Oblique fissure separates upper and lower lobes
Horizontal fissure separates upper and middle lobes

Question 15

Lung pleura

Answer 15

Parietal->lines inner surface of chest wall
Visceral->covers lung surface

Moist surface for sliding

Question 16

Muscles of inspiration

Answer 16

Diaphragm
External intercostal
Scalene muscles(ant, mid, post)

Question 17

Muscles of expiration

Answer 17

Internal intercostal

Abdominal wall muscles

Question 18

What is internal thoracic artery

Answer 18

Branch of subclavian
Runs parallel to sternum
Continues as superior epigastric

Question 19

Pectoralis major innervation and insertion

Answer 19

Medial and lateral pectoral nerves

Intertubercular sulcus of humerus

Question 20

Pectoralis minor innervation and insertion

Answer 20

Medial pectoral nerve

Coracoid process

Question 21

Subclavius innervation and insertion

Answer 21

Subclavian nerve

Rib 1 to inferior middle third of clavicle

Question 22

Breast lymph nodes

Answer 22

Apical axillary
Central axillary
Lateral axillary
Pectoral axillary
Parasternal

Question 23

Breast internal structure

Answer 23

Secretory lobules
Lactiferous ducts
Lactiferous sinuses
Suspensory ligaments
Retromammary space

Question 24

Superficial back muscles

Answer 24

Trapezius
Latissimus dorsi
Levator scapulae
Rhomboid major
Rhomboid minor

Question 25

Trapezius innervation

Answer 25

Accessory nerve

Question 26

Latissimus dorsi insertion and innervation

Answer 26

Intertubercular sulcus of humerus Thoracodorsal nerve

Question 27

Levator scapulae origin, insertion and innervation

Answer 27

C1-C4 transverse process Medial border of scapula Dorsal scapular nerve

Question 28

Rhomboid major origin, insertion and innervation

Answer 28

T2-T5 spinous process Medial border of scapula Dorsal scapular nerve

Question 29

Rhomboid minor origin, insertion and innervation

Answer 29

C7-T1spinous process Medial border of scapula Dorsal scapular nerve

Question 30

Intermediate back muscles origin, insertion, innervation and action

Answer 30

``` Serratus posterior superior: C7-T3 Ribs 2-5 Intercostal nerves Elevate ribs during respiration ``` ``` Serratis posterior inferior: T11-L3 Ribs 9-12 Intervostal nerves Elevate ribs during respiration ```

Question 31

Deep back muscles innervation and function

Answer 31

Posterior rami of spinal nerves | Move vertebral column, ribs and head to maintain posture

Question 32

Deep back muscles

Answer 32

Spinotransversalis: Splenius capitis Splenius cervicis Erector spinae: Spinalis thoracis Longissimus thoracis Iliocostalis thoracis Transversospinalis: Semispinalis thoracis Multifidus

Question 33

Diaphragm innervation

Answer 33

Phrenic nerve | C3-C5

Question 34

Diaphragm hiatuses

Answer 34

Caval hiatus: IVC, right phrenic nerve Oesophageal hiatus: Oesophagus Left gastric artery and vein Vagus nerve Aortic hiatus: Descending aorta Thoracic duct Azygous vein

Question 35

Where does thoracic duct drain into

Answer 35

Junction between left subclavian vein and left internal jugular

Question 36

Positions of phrenic and vagus nerves in superior mediastinum

Answer 36

Phrenic: anterior Vagus: posterior

Question 37

Hemiazygous vein function

Answer 37

Drain left ribs 9-12

Question 38

Accessory hemiazygous vein function

Answer 38

Drain left ribs 4-8

Question 39

Origin of lymphatic duct and when it crosses over to left side

Answer 39

Cisterna chyli | T4/T5