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MSc Human Anatomy and Education trunk and limbs > upper limb > Flashcards

upper limb Flashcards

1
Q

what ribs does the scapular lie posteriorly to?

A

ribs 2 - 7

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2
Q

Label the scapula

A
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3
Q

what does the scapular articulate with?

A

clavicle and humerus

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4
Q

where is the greater tubercle on the humerus?

A

posterior-lateral

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5
Q

where is the lesser tubercle on the humerus? compare this to the lesser trochanter

A

anterior

lesser trochanter is posterio-medial on the femur

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6
Q

where is the anatomical neck of humerus?

A

between tubercles and head

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7
Q

what is the difference between a condyle and an epicondyle ?

A

condyle - smooth usually articulates with another bone

epicondyle - rough projection of the condyle - usually a site for muscle attachment

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8
Q

what is the name of the unlabelled surface medial to the capitulum?

A

trochlear

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9
Q

fill in the missing labels

A
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10
Q

what does the ulna articulate with?

A

humerus, radius

remember the articular disc is part of the distal radio-ulna joint

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11
Q

fill in the blanks

A
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12
Q

what bones does the radius articulate with at the wrist ?

A

ulna, scaphoid and lunate

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13
Q

name the carpel bones

A

some lovers try positions that they can’t handle

scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

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14
Q

which carpal bone is a sesamoid bone?

A

pisiform

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15
Q

In this superior view of a cross section of the arm, what are the vessels that aren’t labelled? (where the yellow dots are)

A

Brachial artery, paired brachial veins, superior ulna collateral artery, collateral vein of elbow

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16
Q

what does the brachial artery branch into?

A

radial and ulna arteries

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17
Q

what branch does the ulnar artery give off just distal to the proximal radio-ulnar joint?

A

common interosseous artery - branches into anterior and posterior

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18
Q

what is the posterior interosseous nerve a continuation of? when does the name change?

A

deep branch of radial nerve - becomes the posterior interosseous nerve as it passes between the 2 heads of supinator

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19
Q

what is the anterior interosseous nerve a branch of?

A

median nerve - this branch innervates the deep muscles of the anterior forearm

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20
Q

between the two heads of ……. the median nerve enters the forearm.

A

pronator teres

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21
Q

the ulnar nerve enters the forearm between the 2 heads of……

A

flexor carpi ulnaris

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22
Q

what does the median antebrachial vein drain?

A

palm of hand and anterior forearm - drains into basilic via the median cubital vein and also the cephalic vein at the level of the elbow

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23
Q

where does the dorsal venous network of the hand drain into?

A

basilic and cephalic veins

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24
Q

label these muscles of the posterior forearm

A
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25
Q

label these deep muscles of the posterior forearm

A
26
Q

label the muscles in this cross-section of the forearm

A
27
Q

what are the roots of the posterior interosseous nerve of forearm (branch of the radial nerve)

A

C7-C8

28
Q

what are the nerve roots of the superficial branch of the radial nerve?

A

c6-c8

29
Q

what is the pneumonic to remember the branches of the axillary artery?

A

screw the lawyer, save a patient

30
Q

what are the branches of the axillary artery?

A
31
Q

how is the axillary artery divided up into parts?

A

relative to pec minor (proximal, deep and distal)

32
Q

what branches come from what part of the axillary artery?

A
33
Q

describe the origin and insertion of supinator. how does the posterior interosseous nerve (the deep radial nerve) pass through the 2 heads?

A

origin - lateral epicondyle of humerus, supinator crest of ulna (lateral surface of proximal ulna)
insertion - anterior surface of proximal radius

the radial nerve travels through the cubital fossa (anterior to the lateral epicondyle), then divides into the superficial and deep branch. The deep branch travels posteriorly through the gap between the 2 heads of supinator, to reach the posterior compartment of the arm

34
Q

what nerve roots contribute to the brachial plexus

A

anterior rami C5-T1

35
Q

where does the dorsal scapular nerve branch from? describe its path

A

C5 root

posterior medial shoulder - innervates levator scapulae and rhomboids

36
Q

where does the long thoracic nerve originate?

A

C5, 6 and 7 roots - innervates serratus anterior

37
Q

what nerves branch from the superior trunk?

A

nerve to subclavius and suprascapular nerve (both c5/c6 nerve roots)

38
Q

what does the suprascapular nerve innervate?

A

supraspinatus and infraspinatus

39
Q

where do the upper and lower subscapular nerves branch from? what other nerve branches from the same area?

A

posterior chord

thoracodorsal branches with them

40
Q

what are the nerve roots of the upper and lower subscapular nerves?

A

C5, C6

41
Q

what are the nerve roots of the throacodorsal nerve and what is its function?

A

C6, 7 and 8

latissimus dorsi

42
Q

what do the upper and lower subscapular nerves supply?

A

upper - subscapularis

lower - subscapularis and teres major

43
Q

what nerves branch from the medial chord?

A

medial pectoral nerve
medial cutaneous nerve of arm
medial cutaneous nerve of forearm

44
Q

what are the nerve roots and functions of the medial pectoral nerve?

A

C8,T1

pec major and minor

45
Q

what are the nerve roots of the medial cutaneous nerve of forearm and arm?

A

arm- T1

forearm- C8

46
Q

what are the nerve roots of the lateral pectoral nerve and where does it branch from?

A

lateral chord

c5, 6 and 7

47
Q

what are the nerve roots of the median nerve?

A

c6-T1

48
Q

what are the nerve roots of the musculocutaneous nerve ?

A

C5-C7

49
Q

what are the nerve roots of the axillary nerve?

A

C5-6

50
Q

what are the nerve roots of the radial nerve?

A

C5-T1

51
Q

what are the nerve roots of the ulnar nerve?

A

C8-T1

52
Q

where does the median nerve branch from? where can you find it in relation to the axillary artery?

A

medial and lateral chords - forms the middle of the ‘M’

53
Q

What are the terminal branches of the posterior chord?

A

Axillary and Radial

54
Q

outline the myotomes of the upper and lower limb

A 
C5 – Elbow flexion
C6 – Wrist extension
C7 – Elbow extension
C8 – Finger flexion
T1 – Finger abduction
L2 – Hip flexion
L3 – Knee extension
L4 – Ankle dorsiflexion
L5 – Great toe extension
S1 – Ankle plantarflexion
55
Q

what is a myotome ?

A

group of muscles innervated by a single spinal nerve
the reality is there is a lot of cross over between mytomes due to one spinal nerve contributing to multiple peripheral nerves

56
Q

what are the borders of the quadrangular space?

A

medial - long head of triceps
superior - teres minor
inferior - teres major
lateral - humerus

57
Q

what passes through the quadrangular space ?

A

posterior circumflex humeral artery

axillary nerve

58
Q

where is the triangular space? compare this to the triangular interval

A

superior - teres minor
inferior - teres major
lateral - long head of triceps

triangular interval is inferior to teres major
medial border is long head of triceps
lateral border humerus

59
Q

what can be located in the triangular space

A

circumflex scapular artery - continuation of suprascapular artery

60
Q

what passes through the triangular interval

A

radial nerve and profunda brachii

61
Q

what are the borders of the axilla?

A

apex is the thoracic inlet

- lateral border first rib, superior border of scapular and posterior border of clavicle

MSc Human Anatomy and Education trunk and limbs (8 decks)

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