Upper Limb Flashcards
What are the UMN signs?
Pronator drift may be present
Increased (spasticity or rigidity)
Pyramidal pattern of weakness (extensors weaker than flexors in arms, vice-versa in legs)
Exaggerated or brisk reflexes (hyperreflexia)
What are LMN signs?
Wasting and fasciculation of muscles
Decreased or normal tone
Different patterns of weakness depending on cause
Reduced or absent reflexes
What is spasticity?
The faster you move the limb the worse the increased tone is
What is spasticity associated with?
Pyramidal tract lesions (e.g. stroke)
What is rigidity?
Tone feels same if you move limb fast or slow
What is Cogwheel rigidity?
Tremor superimposed on the hypertonia (intermittent increased in tone during movement of limb)
What is Cogwheel rigidity associated with?
Parkinson’s disease
What is Lead Pipe rigidity?
Uniformly increased tone throughout the movement of the muscle
What is Lead Pipe rigidity associated with?
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
