Cardio Exam Flashcards
What are the causes of SOB?
Cardiovascular (Congestive heart failure, pericarditis)
Respiratory (pneumonia, PE)
What is Malar Flush associated with?
Mitral Stenosis
What is Xanthomata associated with?
Hyperlipidaemia which is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease
What is Arachnodactyly (spider fingers) associated with?
Marfan’s Syndrome which is mitral/aortic valve prolapse and aortic dissection
What are the cardio causes of finger clubbing?
Congenital cyanotic heart disease
Infective endocarditis
Atrial Myxoma
What are the causes of radio-radial delay?
Subclavian artery stenosis
Aortic dissection
Aortic coarctation
What are the causes of a collapsing pulse?
Normal physiological states (e.g. fever, prgnancy)
Cardiac lesions (e.g. aortic regurgitation, patnet ductus arteriosus)
High output states (e.g. anaemia, arteriovenous fistula, thyrotoxicosis)
What is a slow-rising pulse associated with?
Aortic Stenosis
What is a bounding pulse associated with?
Aortic regurgitation (alongside CO2 retention)
What is a thready pulse associated with?
Intravascular hypovolaemia (e.g. in sepsis)
What is a narrow pulse pressure associated with?
Aortic Stenosis
Congestive Heart Failure
Cardiac Tamponade
What is a wide pulse pressure associated with?
Aortic regurgitation and aortic dissection
What is a > 20 mm Hg difference in BP between each arm suggest?
Aortic Dissection
What could a carotid bruit suggest?
Underlying carotid stenosis
OR
A radiating cardiac murmur (aortic stenosis)
What are the cardiac causes of a raised JVP?
Right-sided heart failure (commonly caused by left-sided heart failure)
Tricuspid regurgitation
Constrictive pericarditis
What is angular stomatitis associated with?
Iron deficiency
What is a high arched palate associated with?
Feature of Marfan’s syndrome
What is poor dental hygeine associate with?
Infective endocarditis
What is a midline scar suggestive of?
Median Sternotomy Scar
Cardiac valve replacement and Coronary Artery Bypass Grafts (CABG)
What does a scar located between the lateral border of the sternum and the mid-axillary line at the 4th or fth intercostal space suggest?
Anterolateral Thoracotomy Scar
Used for minimally invasive cardiac valve surgery
What is a scar in the infraclavicular region suggestive of?
Pacemaker insertion
What is a left mid-axillary scar suggestive of?
Subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defribillator (ICD)
What can cause displacement of the apex beat?
Ventricular hypertrophy
What can a parasternal heave suggest?
Right ventricular hypertrophy
What are you looking for in the accentuation manoeuvre at the carotids?
Radiation of an ejection systolic murmur caused by aortic stenosis
What are you looking for with the accentuation manouevre in the aortic area?
Early diastolic murmur caused by aortic regurgitation
What are looking for in the mitral area and axilla with the diaphragm after the accentuation manoeuvre?
Pansystolic murmur caused by mitral regurgitation
Listen in axilla for radiation of this murmur
What are you looking for in the mitral area with your bell in the accentuation manoeuvre?
Mid-diastolic murmur caused by mitral stenosis
What does coarse crackles in the posterior lung fields suggest?
Pulmonary oedema
