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OSCE > Abdominal Examination > Flashcards

Abdominal Examination Flashcards

1
Q

What abdo-related problem is confusion a feature of?

A

End-stage liver disease (hepatic encepalopathy)

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2
Q

What might abdominal distension suggest?

A

Ascites
Underlying bowel obstruction
Organomegaly

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3
Q

What abdo problem is cachexia associated with?

A

Malignancy

Advanced liver failure

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4
Q

What is koilonychia?

A

Spoon-shaped nails associated with iron deficiency anaemia

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5
Q

What is Leukonychia?

A

Whitening of the nail bed associated with hypoalbuminaemia

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6
Q

What abdo conditions are finger clubbing associated with?

A

Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Coeliac disease
Liver cirrhosis
Lymphoma of the GI tract

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7
Q

What abdo conditions can cause asterixis?

A

Hepatic encephalopathy

Uraemia secondary to Renal failure

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8
Q

What might bruising on the arms suggest for an abdo exam?

A

Underlying clotting abnormalities secondary to liver disease (e.g. cirrhosis)

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9
Q

What might excoriations suggest for an abdo exam?

A

Underlying cholestasis

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10
Q

What might we look for in the Axillae for an abdo exam?

A

Acanthosis Nigricans

Hair Loss

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11
Q

What are the three causes of Acanthosis Nigricans?

A

Benign
Associated with insulin resistance (T2DM)
GI malignancy (stomach cancer)

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12
Q

What can loss of axillary hair be associated with?

A

Iron-deficiency anaemia

Malnutrition

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13
Q

What is anterior uveitis associated with?

A

Inflammatory bowel disease

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14
Q

What is glossitis associated with?

A

Iron, B12 and folate deficiency

e.g. malabsorption secondary to IBD

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15
Q

What can hyperpigmented macules be suggestive of?

A

Pathognomonic for Peutz-Jeghers syndrome which results in development of polyps in the GI tract

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16
Q

What is spider naevi associated with?

A

Can be normal finding in pregnancy or women taking COCP

But if 5 or more present, more likely to be associated with pathology such as liver cirrhosis

17
Q

What is caput medusae suggestive of?

A

Portal hypertension (e.g. liver cirrhosis)

18
Q

What is striae suggestive of?

A 
Ascites
Intrabdominal malignancy
Cushing's syndrome 
Obesity
Pregnancy
19
Q

What are some of the causes of hepatomegaly?

A 
Hepatitis 
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Haemochromatosis 
Myeloma 
PBC
20
Q

What are some of the causes of splenomegaly?

A

Portal hypertension secondary to liver cirrhosis
Haemolytic anaemia
Congestive heart failure
Glandular fever

21
Q

What is the cause of bilaterally enlarged ballotable kidneys?

A

Polycystic kidney disease

Amyloidosis

22
Q

What is the cause of unilaterally enlarged ballotable kidney?

A

Renal tumour

23
Q

What is the cause of Aortic Bruits?

A

AAA

24
Q

What is the cause of renal bruits?

A

Renal Artery Stenosis

25
Q

What is an abdo cause of pitting oedema?

A

Hypoalbuminaemia secondary to liver cirrhosis or protein-losing enteropathy

OSCE (6 decks)

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