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Contrast Media > Upper GI Series > Flashcards

Upper GI Series Flashcards

1
Q

Special radiographic examination of the distal esophagus, stomach and duodenum.

A

Upper GI Series

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2
Q

3 stomach body habitus

A

Eutonic or Normotonic Habitus
Hypotonic Habitus
Steer Horn Habitus

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3
Q

A stomach habitus where the Incisura angularis and pylorus are about the same level.

A

Eutonic or Normotonic Habitus

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4
Q

A stomach habitus where pylorus is higher than incisura angularis more than 1 cm.

A

Hypotonic Habitus

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5
Q

A stomach habitus where Inisura angularis is higher than the pylorus more than 1 cm.

A

Steer Horn Habitus

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6
Q

2 Variations of Stomach

A

Infantile stomach
Cascade stomach

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7
Q

Stomach is transverse, duodenal
bulb is hidden from view.

A

Infantile Stomach

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8
Q

Upper posterior wall is pushed
forward creating an upper
portion that fills until sufficient
volume is present to spill into the
pyloric antrum.

A

Cascade Stomach

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9
Q

In an upright position, stomach moves downward for how many inches?

A

3-6 inches

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10
Q

Stomach moves downward 3-6 inches.

A

Upright

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11
Q

Stomach moves superiorly.

A

Supine

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12
Q

Stomach moves slightly downward.

A

Prone

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13
Q

 Stomach moves forward.
 Pylorus closer to lumbar spine.

A

Right lateral recumbent

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14
Q

 Stomach moves backward.
 Pylorus closer to abdominal wall.

A

Left lateral upright

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15
Q

Position that offers most displacement
of the stomach.

A

SUPINE

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16
Q

Position of the fundus of the stomach in a supine position

A

at the lowest part

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17
Q

In what position will barium fills the fundus part of the stomach

A

Supine

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18
Q

In a supine position, air will fill what part of the stomach?

A

Pylorus

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19
Q

In a prone position, the fundus is in what position?

A

highest position

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20
Q

In a prone position, barium fills what part of the stomach?

A

Pylorus

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21
Q

What position will air reside in the fundus part of the stomach?

A

Prone

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22
Q

 Air – Fundus
 Barium – Pylorus
 Air-Barium in a straight line

A

ERECT

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23
Q

Upper GI Series Patient Preparation

A

Light evening meal
NPO 8-9 hours
No smoking, chewing gum, antacid medications before examination
No breakfast
Report early in the xray department

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24
Q

Two general procedures are
routinely used to examine the
stomach:

A
  1. single-contrast method
  2. double-contrast method.
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25
Q

Barium meal” normally reaches
the ileocecal valve in ____
hours and the last portion in ___

A

2 to 3 hours
4 to 5 hours

26
Q

The barium usually reaches the
rectum within ___ hours.

A

24

27
Q

In the single-contrast method, begin the examination with the patient in what position?

A

upright position

28
Q

Fluoroscopy is performed with the patient in the _____ positions while the body is rotated and the table is angled so that all aspects of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum are demonstrated.

A

upright and recumbent positions

29
Q

If esophageal involvement is suspected, a study is usually made with a ___ suspension.

A

thick barium

30
Q

The principal advantages of this
method over the single-contrast
method are that small lesions are
less easily obscured and the
mucosal lining of the stomach
can be more clearly visualized.

A

Double CM for Upper GI

31
Q

In a double CM, barium suspensions have
weight/volume ratios of up to

A

250%

32
Q

In the single-contrast method - what percentage is the weight/volume range

A

30-50%

33
Q

PATIENT PREPARATION
1. Infant under 1 year

A

4 hours NPO

34
Q

Patient preparation
2. Children older than 1 year

A

 6 hours NPO

35
Q

BARIUM PREPARATION
1. Newborn – 1 year
2. 1-3 years old
3. 3 – 10 years old
4. Older than 10 years old

A

2 – 4 oz
4 to 6 oz
6-12 oz
12-16 oz

36
Q

Stomach is high and transverse level of T9-T12.

Pyloric portion level of T11-T12, at midline.

Duodenal bulb is at the level of T11-T12 to right of midline.

A

HYPERSTHENIC

37
Q

 Stomach T10-L2.
 Pyloric portion level of L2 near
midline.
 Duodenal bulb L2 near midline.

A

STHENIC

38
Q

 J-shaped stomach, low
and vertical, T11-L4.
 Pyloric portion level of L3-L4
to left of midline.
 Duodenal bulb at the level
of L3-L4.

A

HYPOSTHENIC, ASTHENIC

39
Q

 Supine
 MSP center to MLT
 CR perpendicular to IR at level of
1. Hypersthenic– 2 inches above L1
2. Sthenic– level of L1
3. Asthenic – 2 inches below L1

A

AP Projection

40
Q

 The stomach moves superiorly and to
the left in this position.
 Serves as a scout film
 Demonstrate the fundus filled with
barium
 Best AP projection of the retrogastric
portion of the duodenum and jejunum.

A

AP Projection

41
Q

 Prone
 MCP center to MLT
 CR perpendicular to IR
1. Hypersthenic– 2 inches above L1
2. Sthenic– level of L1
3. Asthenic – 2 inches below L1

A

PA Recumbent Projection

42
Q

 Demonstrates the body and pylorus filled with barium and air in the fundus.
 Best demonstrates the pyloric canal and duodenal bub in hyposthenic or asthenic patients.

A

PA Recumbent

43
Q

Demonstrates the size, shape and relative position of the stomach, but
it does not give an adequate demonstration of the unfilled fundic portion ofthe organ.

A

PA erect

44
Q

 Semi – prone
 Rotate body 40-70 degrees
 Hypersthenic patients require a
greater degree of rotation than
do sthenic and asthenic patients.
 CR perpendicular to IR at level
1. Hypersthenic– 2 inches
above L1
2. Sthenic– level of L1
3. Asthenic – 2 inches below L1

A

RAO Position, PA Oblique

45
Q

 Semi-Supine
 Rotate body 30-60 degrees with left posterior
against IR
 CR perpendicular to IR at level
1. Hypersthenic– 2 inches above L1
2. Sthenic– level of L1
3. Asthenic – 2 inches below L1

A

LPO Position, AP Oblique Projection

46
Q

 Demonstrates the fundus portion of the
stomach filled with barium.
 Good position for double contrast of body, pylorus, and duodenal bulb.

A

LPO position, AP Oblique Projection

47
Q

 CR perpendicular to 2.5 – cm anterior to MCP at level of
1. Hypersthenic– 2 inches above L1
2. Sthenic– level of L1
3. Asthenic – 2 inches below L1
Upright left lateral
 Demonstration of the left retrogastric space.

A

Right Lateral Recumbent Position

48
Q

 Demonstration of the right retrogastric space, duodenal loop, and duodenojejunal junction.
 Demonstrates anterior and posterior aspects of the stomach, the pyloric canal, and the duodenal bulb
 Best image of the pyloric canal, C-loop and duodenal bulb in patients with a hypersthenic habitus.
 Demonstrates the pyloric-bulbar area
 Stomach located higher in this position than in PA and RAO.

A

RIGHT LATERAL POSITION – LATERAL PROJECTION

49
Q

 Prone
 CR 35-45 degrees
cephalad to 4 inches left
to pylorus

A

GORDON METHOD

50
Q

 Best demonstrates
pylorus and duodenal
bulb for hypersthenic
body habitus.
 Best demonstrates and
open up high transverse
stomach for hypersthenic
patients.

A

Gordon Method

51
Q

 Prone
 CR 20-25 degrees
cephalad

A

GUGLIANTINI MODIFICATION

52
Q

Best demonstrates the
stomach for infants

A

GUGLIANTINI MODIFICATION

53
Q

 Semi - supine
 LPO
 Rotate body 45 degrees
to IR with left posterior
side against IR
 CR perpendicular to level
of pylorus

A

HAMPTON’S MODIFICATION

54
Q

 Best modification to
demonstrate a leaf like
pattern of the pylorus and
duodenal bulb.

A

HAMPTON’S MODIFICATION

55
Q

 Supine
 2 exposures
1. CR vertically directed
2. CR horizontally directed
 Reference Point – level of
pylorus

A

POPPEL’S METHOD

56
Q

Best demonstrate a right
angle view of the
stomach, retrogastric
space and pancreatic
mass

A

POPPEL’S METHOD

57
Q

-A method that requires the use of a
semicylindrical radiolucent compression
device .
-Is a modification of the
Trendelenburg position
-The technique was developed for the
purpose of applying greater intra-
abdominal pressure than is provided by
body angulation.

A

Wolf Method

58
Q

 Helps fills fundus with barium
on thin asthenic patient.

A

Partial Trendelenburg

59
Q

 Demonstration of hiatal
hernia.

A

Full Trendelenburg

60
Q

 Requires the use of a 34 degree
angle board over which the patient
is flexed to place the trunk in a
trendelenburg position.
 The superior edge of the angle
board is thickly padded to exert
pressure on the lower abdomen and
increase intra-abdominal pressure
 CR perpendicular
to xiphoid process
 Exposure is made
during Mueller
Maneuver

A

SOMMER-FOEGELLE

61
Q

Demonstration of hiatal hernia.

A

SOMMER-FOEGELLE

62
Q

Best demonstrates pyloric canal and the duodenal bulb in profile for sthenic
body habitus

A

RAO POSITION – PA OBLIQUE PROJECTION

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