I Flashcards
ARE DIAGNOSTIC AGENTS THAT ARE INSTILLED INTO BODY ORIFICE OR
INJECTED INTO THE VASCULAR SYSTEM, JOINTS AND DUCTS TO ENHANCE
SUBJECT CONTRAST IN ANATOMIC AREAS WHERE THERE IS LOW SUBJECT
CONTRAST.
Contrast Media
• A MATERIAL THAT IS BEING INGESTED OR INJECTED INTO THE BODY FOR
VISUALIZATION OF THE ORGAN.
Contrast Media
• SUBSTANCE HAVING EITHER A HIGHER OR LOWER ATOMIC NUMBER THAN THE
SURROUNDING TISSUES WHICH ARE USED TO REPRESENT ORGANS OF THE BODY WHICH ARE NOT VISUALIZED IN A PLAIN RADIOGRAPHY.
Contrast Media
• SERVES AS A DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC AID TO PHYSICIAN TO VISUALIZE CERTAIN TISSUES/ ORGAN.
Contrast Media
Types of Contrast Media
Radiopaque and Radiolucent
APPEARS WHITE (DECREASED DENSITY) ON THE RADIOGRAPH
(EX. BARIUM SULFATE, IODINE).
RADIOPAQUE
ALSO KNOWN AS POSITIVE CONTRAST MEDIA.
Radiopaque
COMPOSED OF ELEMENTS WITH HIGH ATOMIC NUMBER.
Radiopaque
APPEARS BLACK (INCREASED DENSITY) ON THE RADIOGRAPH
(AIR, NITROGEN, CARBON DIOXIDE).
RADIOLUCENT
ALSO KNOWN AS NEGATIVE CONTRAST MEDIA.
Radiolucent
COMPOSED OF ELEMENTS WITH LOW ATOMIC NUMBER.
Radiolucent
Four Physical States of Contrast Media
Oil
Tablets
Powder
Liquid
EXAMPLE: PANTOPAQUE, DIONOSIL
- USED IN MYELOGRAM AND BRONCHOGRAM STUDIES
Oil
USED IN GALL BLADDER STUDIES
Tablets
- USED IN GASTRO INTESTINAL TRACT
ESOPHOGRAM, BARIUM ENEMA, AND SMALL INTESTINAL STUDIES.
Powder
- EXAMPLE ALL IODINATED AND NON-IONIC CONTRAST MEDIUM.
LIQUID
- FOR EXAMINATION OF THE ESOPHAGUS
- FOR SMALL INTESTINE
- FOR UPPER GI SERIES
BASO4 (BARIUM SULFATE)
- ARE USED IN THE EXAMINATIONS OF THE GI, KIDNEYS, GALLBLADDER,
PANCREAS, HEART, BRAIN, UTERUS, SPINAL COLUMN, ARTERIES, VEINS AND
JOINTS.
IODINATED FORM
- ATOMIC NUMBER OF 53.
Iodinated Form
is the property of two substances to mix in all proportions forming a homogeneous mixture.
Miscibility
- A MEASURE OF THE AMOUNT OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE THAT
CAN DISSOLVE IN WATER AT A SPECIFIC TEMPERATURE.
WATER SOLUBILITY
IN VASCULAR APPLICATIONS AN IMMEDIATE DILUTION WITH BLOOD.
Water Solubility
- A MEASURE OF A FLUID’S RESISTANCE TO FLOW.
VISCOSITY
IS A MEASURE OF THE FLUIDITY OF SOLUTIONS
Viscosity
Viscosity is measured in _____ per second
millipascals (mPA)
- THE CONCENTRATION OF PARTICLES DISSOLVED IN A FLUID.
OSMOLALITY
THE MOST COMMON TYPE OF CONTRAST USED IN IMAGING OF THE GI SYSTEM.
Barium Sulfate
– 1 ATOM OF BARIUM, 1 ATOM OF SULFUR AND 4 ATOMS OF OXYGEN
THUS IT IS A COMPOUND.
BASO4
Barium Sulfate has an atomic number of
56
Iodinated Form has an atomic number of
53
Types of Barium Sulfate
Commercial
Plain BaS04
A TYPE OF BARIUM SULFATE THAT
HAS FLAVORING AND ADDITIVES
COMMERCIAL
HAS A VERY UNPALATABLE TASTE BUT ITS ADVANTAGE LIES IN THE FACT
THAT IT ADHERES WELL ON THE MUCOSA OF THE ORGAN
PLAIN BASO4
ARE CONTRAST AGENT SALTS OF ELECTRICALLY NEGATIVELY CHARGED ACIDS CONTAINING IODINE THAT IONIZES IN SOLUTION AND CAUSES MORE PATIENT DISCOMFORT.
IONIC CONTRAST MEDIA
A CONTRAST AGENT THAT DOES NOT IONIZE IN SOLUTION AND IS
SAFER, LESS PAINFUL, AND BETTER TOLERATED BY THE PATIENT.
NON-IONIC CONTRAST MEDIA
Have higher osmolality
Ionic CM
Have lower osmolality
Non-ionic CM
is a severe, potentially life- threatening allergic reaction. It can occur within seconds or minutes of exposure to something you’re allergic to, such as a peanut or the venom from a bee sting
Anaphylaxis
TEST DONE TO CHECK PATIENT TOLERANCE TO CM.
SENSITIVITY TEST
IS INJECTED TO PATIENT FOR ANY
ALLERGIC REACTION.
ANTIHISTAMINE
- ONE DROP OF CONTRAST MEDIUM IS PUT INTO THE SCLERA (WHITE PART OF THE EYEBALL)
SCLERAL METHOD
- ONE DROP OF CONTRAST MEDIUM IS
DEPOSITED INTO THE INFERIOR BASE OF THE TONGUE.
SUBLINGUAL METHOD
- ONE CC. OF CONTRAST MEDIUM IS JUST BENEATH THE SKIN (SKIN TEST)
INTRADERMAL METHOD
- ONE CC. OF CONTRAST MEDIUM IS INJECTED INTO THE VEIN
INTRAVENOUS METHOD
Methods of Administering CM
Direct
Indirect
• TERM APPLIED FOR THE RADIOLOGIC EXAMINATION OF THE SALIVARY GLAND
& DUCTS WITH THE USE OF CONTRAST MEDIUM
SIALOGRAPHY
• USE TO DEMONSTRATE INFLAMMATORY LESIONS & TUMOR TO DETERMINE THEEXTENT OF SALIVARY FISTULAE & TO LOCALIZE DIVERTICULAE, STRICTURES AND
CALCULI
Sialography
• EXAMINATION DONE ONE AT A TIME (PER GLAND)
Sialography
• SRE USING POSITIVE CONTRAST TECHNIQUE TO INVESTIGATE SUSPECTED TUMORS
OF THE SOFT PALATE.
PALATOGRAPHY
• SRE USING POSITIVE CONTRAST TECHNIQUE TO INVESTIGATE SUSPECTED TUMORS
OF THE SOFT PALATE.
PALATOGRAPHY
• SRE OF THE NASOPHARYNX USING NEGATIVE AND POSITIVE CM.
NASOPHARYNGOGRAPHY
• OPAQUE STUDY OF THE PHARYNX MADE WITH AN INGESTIBLE CONTRAST MEDIUM
PHARYNGOGRAPHY
• OPAQUE STUDY OF THE PHARYNX MADE WITH AN INGESTIBLE CONTRAST MEDIUM
PHARYNGOGRAPHY
THE ACT OF SWALLOWING & DONE IN RAPID & HIGHLY COORDINATED ACTION OF MANY MUSCLES.
DEGLUTITION
• BOLUS CM MUST BE PROJECTED INTO THE PHARYNX AT THE HEIGHT OF THE ANTERIOR MOVEMENT OF THE LARYNX.
PHARYNGOGRAPHY
• A PRACTICAL TECHNIQUE FOR
SYNCHRONIZING THE EXPOSURE WITH
THE HEIGHT OF SWALLOWING ACT IN
DEGLUTITION STUDIES OF THE PHARYNX
AND SUPERIOR ESOPHAGUS.
GUNSON METHOD
• STATIONARY OR TOMOGRAPHIC NEGATIVE CONTRAST STUDIES OF THE AIR-CONTAINING
LARYNGOPHARYNEAL STRUCTURES
LARYNGOPHARYNGOGRAPHY
• TEST THE ELASTICITY OF THE HYPO-PHARYNX & THE PIRIFORM RECESSES
Modified Valsava’s Maneuver
• REVERSE PHONATION & ASPIRATE OR
ASPIRANT MANEUVER FOR THE
DEMONSTRATION OF THE LARYNGEAL
VENTRICLE
INSPIRATORY PHONATION
• TEST THE ELASTICITY & FUNCTIONAL
INTEGRITY OF THE GLOTTIS
Valsava’s Maneuver
• TEST ABDUCTION OF THE VOCAL CORDS
QUIET INSPIRATION
• EXPIRATORY PHONATION TEST ADDUCTION OF THE VOCAL CORDS
NORMAL (EXPIRATORY) PHONATION
• THE ONLY PROJECTION THAT GIVES AN
UNOBSTRUCTED VIEW OF THE SUBLINGUAL GLAND.
Axial Projection Intraoral Method
Show complete closure of the glottis
Valsava’s Maneuver
Show open (abducted) vocal cords
Quite Inspiration
Show close (adducted) vocal cords
Normal Expiratory Phonation
