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Contrast Media > Intestine series > Flashcards

Intestine series Flashcards

1
Q

After the duodenum comes the next ___of the mobile small intestine called the ___. The remaining ___ is the ___.

A

40%
jejunum
60%
ileum

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2
Q

The remainder of the small intestine is ____ within the ____ by a thin, broad-based mesentery that is attached to the posterior abdominal wall. This allows free movement of the small intestine within the abdominal cavity.

A

suspended, peritoneal cavity

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3
Q

•The jejunum occupies the ___ portion of the abdomen while the ileum is positioned in the ____of the pelvis.

A

left upper, right side and upper part

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4
Q

•The inner walls of the small intestine show mucosal folds.
•These are called the

A

plicae circulares

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5
Q

The plicae are more numerous in the early ____ and reduce in numbers in the later part and are completely absent in the
_____

A

jejunum, ileum

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6
Q

The small intestine ends at the ____ that leads it to the colon.

A

ileocecal valve

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7
Q

The wall of the small intestine and colon is composed of four layers:

A

•mucosa (or mucous membrane)
•Submucosa
•muscularis (or muscularis propria),
•adventitia (or serosa).

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8
Q

The main function of this organ is to aid in digestion.

A

Small Intestine

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9
Q

As a person grows, the small intestine increases ___ in length from about ___ in a newborn to almost ___ in an adult.

A

20 times, 200 cm, 6 m

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10
Q

The duodenum is about ____long; the jejunum is about ____ long and the ileum is about ____ long.

A

25 cm (10 inches)
2.5 m (8 feet)
3.6 m (12 feet)

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11
Q

– pseudo-obstruction, inactive intestinal muscle that prevents the passage of food and leads to a fundtional blockage of the intestine

A

Paralytic ileus

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12
Q
  • a chronic inflammatory disease of the intestines, especially the colon and ileum, associated with ulcers and fistula
A

Crohn’s disease

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13
Q
  • a disease in which the small intestine is hypersensitive to gluten, leading to difficulty in digesting food.
A

Celiac disease

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14
Q
  • symptoms secondary to tumors
A

Carcinoid

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15
Q

– congenital condition, an outpouching or bulge in the lower part of the small intestine. The bulge is congenital (present at birth) and is a leftover of the umbilical cord

A

Meckel’s Diverticulum

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16
Q
  • food and gastric juices from your stomach move to your small intestine in an uncontrolled, abnormally fast manner
A

Gastric dumping syndrome

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17
Q
  • when intestines push though a weak spot or tear the lower abdominal wall
A

Inguinal hernia

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18
Q
  • inversion of one portion of the intestine within another
A

Intussuseption

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19
Q

– caused by inadequate blood flow in the mesenteric vessel

A

Mesenteric ischemia

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20
Q

SRE of the small intestine by administering the barium sulfate by:

A
  1. mouth
  2. by complete reflux filling with a large volume of barium enema
  3. by direct injection into the bowel through an intestinal tube which is called the electrolysis
    4.Small intestine Enema
    •3-4 methods are only employed when oral method fails.
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21
Q

is the radiographic procedure in which the contrast medium is injected into the duodenum to examine the small bowel.

A

Enteroclysis

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22
Q

In enteroclysis double contrast media small bowel procedure, the contrast is injected through a ___ tube into the terminal duodenum.

A

BILBAO or SELLINK

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23
Q

I enteroclysis, barium is given at a rate of ___

A

100 ml/min

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24
Q

The suspensory muscle of duodenum is a thin muscle connecting the junction between the duodenum, jejunum, and duodenojejunal flexure to connective tissue surrounding the superior mesenteric artery and celiac artery.

A

Ligament of Treitz

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25
Q
  • is a temporary lack of the normal muscle contractions of the intestines.
A

Bowel ileus

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26
Q

•Also known as small bowel enema.
•Uses NGT for introduction of CM for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes.
•Therapeutic - (Miller-Abbott tube) to relieve post-operative distention and small bowel obstruction.

A

Intubation Method Single CM

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27
Q
  1. Allows abdominal compression to separate various bowel loops.
    2.Higher degree of visibility.
A

PRONE POSITION

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28
Q

1.Separate overlapping loops of ileum.

A

TRENDELENBURG

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29
Q

1.To take advantage of the superior and lateral shift of the barium-filled stomach for visualization of the retrogastric portions of the duodenum and jejunum
2.To prevent possible compression overlapping of loops of the intestine

A

SUPINE POSITION

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30
Q

Four sections of the large intestine

A

Ascending colon
Transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon

31
Q

Extends upward on the right side of the abdomen

A

Ascending colon

32
Q

Extends from the ascending colon across the body to the left side

A

Transverse colon

33
Q

Extends from the transverse colon downward on the left side

A

Descending colon

34
Q

Named because of its S-shape; extends from the descending colon to the rectum The rectum joins the anus, or the opening where waste matter passes out of the body.

A

Sigmoid colon

35
Q

The ____ is the final section of the gastrointestinal tract that performs the vital task of absorbing water and vitamins while converting digested food into feces.

A

large intestine

36
Q

The large intestine is about ___ in length and ____ in diameter in the living body, but becomes much larger postmortem as the smooth muscle tissue of the intestinal wall relaxes

A

5 feet (1.5 m), 2.5 inches (6-7 cm)

37
Q

•There are two basic radiologic methods of examining the large intestine by means of diagnostic or contrast enemas the:

A

single-contrast method
double-contrast method

38
Q
  • colon is examined with a barium sulfate suspension only.
A

single-contrast method

39
Q
  • two-stage or single-stage procedure.
A

double-contrast method

40
Q

– aggressive bowel ceansing

A

Hypokalemia

41
Q

– barium residue may harden into clumps

A

Constipation

42
Q

– barium spill into abdominal cavity

A

Chemical peritonitis

43
Q

Barium sulfate temperature should be below body temperature about (29° to 30° C).

A

85°to 90° F

44
Q

SRE of the large intestine.

A

Barium Enema

45
Q

This position relaxes the abdominal muscle , which decreases Intra-abdominal pressure on the rectum and makes relaxation of the anal sphincter less difficult

A

35-40 degrees lean forward on left side

46
Q

•Air rises to the most anterior portion of the large intestine.
1.Transverse colon
2.Sigmoid colon

Barium fills the:
1.Ascending colon
2.Descending colon

A

SUPINE

47
Q

•Air fills the:
1.Rectum
2.Ascending colon
3.Descending colon

BARIUM
1.Transverse colon

A

PRONE

48
Q

• True lateral position.
•CR to MCP between ASIS and posterior sacrum.

A

BARIUM ENEMA LATERAL (RECTUM)
ROBIN’S MODIFICATION

49
Q

Best demonstrates polyps, strictures and fistula between the bladder and uterus.

A

BARIUM ENEMA LATERAL (RECTUM)
ROBIN’S MODIFICATION

50
Q

Best demonstrates the rectum and rectosigmoid portion.

A

BARIUM ENEMA LATERAL (RECTUM)
ROBIN’S MODIFICATION

51
Q

The most important modification in barium enema.

A

BARIUM ENEMA LATERAL (RECTUM)
ROBIN’S MODIFICATION

52
Q

Demonstrates a direct lateral view of the recto-sigmoid colon without superimposition.

A

BARIUM ENEMA LATERAL (RECTUM)
ROBIN’S MODIFICATION

53
Q

•Best demonstrates the left colic flexure and the descending colon.

A

BARIUM ENEMA RPO POSITION

54
Q

Best demonstrates the right colic flexure and the ascending and sigmoid portions of the colon.

A

BARIUM ENEMA LPO POSITION

55
Q

•Air filled transverse colon filled.

A

BARIUM ENEMA AP PROJECTION

56
Q

Opacified colon including flexures and rectum.

A

Barium Enema AP Projection
PA Projection

57
Q

•Separates redundant and overlapping loops of the bowel.

A

TRENDELENBURG

58
Q

Barium filled transverse colon filled.

A

BARIUM ENEMA PA PROJECTION

59
Q

•CR 30- 40 degrees cephalad to 2 inches inferior to ASIS.

A

AP AXIAL PROJECTION

60
Q

•LPO position (30°-40°) body rotation.
•CR 30°- 40° cephalad to
2 inches inferior and
2 inches medial to
right ASIS

A

AP AXIAL OBLIQUE PROJECTION

61
Q

Best demonstrates an elongated view of the rectosigmoid area than on other views

A

BARIUM ENEMA
AP AXIAL /AP AXIAL OBLIQUE PROJECTION BUTTERFLY POSITION

62
Q

•CR 30◦-40° caudad to level of ASIS

A

PA AXIAL

63
Q

•RAO position (35°-45°) body rotation.
•CR 30°- 40° caudad to ASIS and 2 inches to left of lumbar spinous process.

A

PA AXIAL OBLIQUE PROJECTION

64
Q

Best demonstrates the “up” medial side of the ascending colon and the lateral side of the descending colon when the colon is inflated with air.

A

Right Lateral Decubitus

65
Q

CR horizontal to level of the iliac crests.

A

Right Lateral Decubitus
Left Lateral Decubitus

66
Q

Air inflated portion of the colon is of primary importance.

A

Right Lateral Decubitus
Left Lateral Decubitus

67
Q

Best demonstrates the “up” lateral side of the ascending colon and the medial side of the descending colon when the colon is inflated with air

A

Left lateral decubitus

68
Q

Best demonstrates the “up” posterior portions of the colon and is most valuable in double-contrast examinations

A

Ventral decubitus

69
Q

Demonstrates an axial projection of the rectum, rectosigmoid junction, and sigmoid.

A

AXIAL PROJECTION CHASSARD-LAPINE METHOD

70
Q

A right angle view to the AP projection

A

AXIAL PROJECTION CHASSARD-LAPINE METHOD

71
Q

Demonstrates the anterior and posterior surfaces of the lower portion of the bowel and permits the coils of the sigmoid to b e projected free from overlapping.

A

AXIAL PROJECTION CHASSARD-LAPINE METHOD

72
Q

•Supine
•CR 35-45 degrees midway between ASIS.
•Prevent overlapping loop and separates sigmoid colon.
•Demonstrates recto-sigmoid area.

A

BILLING’S

73
Q

•Supine
•CR 12 degrees caudad to 1 inch proximal to the upper border of the symphysis pubis.

A

OPPENHEIMERS

74
Q

•LAO position (30°-35°)
•CR 30°-35° cephalad.

A

FLETCHERS MODIFICATION

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