UPPER G.I: CHEWING, SWALLOWING, CHURNING PART 3

Question 1

What epithelial cells are present in the stomach and which other cells are also present and their function?

Answer 1

Simple colomnar epithelial cells
palatine cells- produce gastic acids that activate digestion enzymes.
goblet cells- produce mucus

Question 2

what is food called when its in the stomach?

Answer 2

Once food enters the stomach its called chyme

Question 3

When food is broken down in the mouth and swallowed in the eosophagus what is it called.

Answer 3

mushed up food pre stomach is called bolus.

Question 4

whats the wall structure of the stomach and its function?

Answer 4

The wall of the stomach has folds known as rugae. The rugae are able to give the flatten when the stomach is full and increase in folding when the stomach is empty.

Question 5

Name the regions of the stomach in order

Answer 5

lesser curvature
greater curvature
cardia
fundus
pyloric antum
pylorus 
pyloric canal
pyloric sphincter

Question 6

where does food first enter the stomach?

Answer 6

food first enters via the cardia.

Question 7

why is bthe fundus usally black during an xray?

Answer 7

becuase food rarley reaches the top of the fundus which results in air being present.

Question 8

which plane is the pyloric sphincter found ?

Answer 8

It is found in the transpyloric plane

Question 9

what muscles line the stomach?

Answer 9

Longitudinal muscles
Circular muscles
Oblique muslces

Question 10

what arteries supply the stomach?

Answer 10

coelic artery
right gastric artery
left gastric artery
short gastric artery- which comes from the spleen
right gastroepiplic artery
left gastoepiplic artery

Question 11

which nerves supply the stomach?

Answer 11

vagus nerve- secretomotor and peristatic secretory action
sympathetic nervous system supply
for visceral pain and vasculature

Question 12

what are the lymph nodes in the stomach?

Answer 12

the coelic nodes are the lymph nodes are the stomach.

Question 13

what type of organ is the stomach?

Answer 13

the stomach is a peritoneal organ

Question 14

what is meant by a peritoneal organ

Answer 14

an organ that is in the perotineal cavity that is fully surrounded by the serus membrane.

Question 15

whats the diffrence by peritoneal and retro peritoneal?

Answer 15

peritoneal means surounded fully by the membrane.

retroperitoneal is when its partly surrounded by the membrane

Question 16

how long is the duodenum

Answer 16

the duodenum is about 25 cm long

Question 17

what is the distance from the incisors to the gastro-oesophagus junction?

Answer 17

The distance is about 40cm.

Question 18

what are the parts of the duodenum?

Answer 18

The superior duodenum
The descending duodenum
The horizontal duodenum
The ascending duodenum

Question 19

Describe the superior Duodenum?

Answer 19

The superior duodenum :

• duodenum cap- this reagion theres usually air as food does not really go there
• its peritoneal
• common bile duct and gastroduodenal artery behind it.

Question 20

whats a concering about the gastroduodenal artery being beind the superior duodenum?

Answer 20

whats concering is that if an ulcer forms in this region it could potentially go through and also effect the gastoduodenal artery.

Question 21

describe the descending Duodenum ?

Answer 21

The descending duodenum:
Is retoperitoneal
common bile duct and pacreatic duct enter duodenum at this point duct, via the hepatopancreatic duct which then goes to the major duodenal papila.

Question 22

describe the horizontal Duodenum ?

Answer 22

Its retroparitoneal

the superior mensetric artery anterior and the inferior vena cava and aorta prosterior.

Question 23

decribe the acending Duodenum?

Answer 23

• duodenojejunal flexture

- ligament of treitz ( holds it in place)

Question 24

what level is the stomach at on the vertabrae?

Answer 24

the stomach is positioned at L1