UPPER G.I: CHEWING, SWALLOWING, CHURNING PART 2 Flashcards
where does the pharynx end on the vertabrae level?
The pharynx ends at level C6
what are the muscles that form the tubualr shape of the pharynx?
These muscles are the:
superior constictor
middle constrictor
inferior constrictor
what is the pharyngeal plexus?
the pharyngeal plexus is dense nerve supply region of the pharyngeal branches of the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerve.
what are the 3 phases of swallowing?
- oral
- pharyngeal:
tounge (lifting up at the back
sooft palate( lifting up)
vocal folds closing ( to protect the airway
larynx and epiglottis ( larynx lifting up wich brings the epliglotis up to shut the wind pipe)
upper oesophargeal sphincter ( opening for the food to pass down) - oesopharyngeal.
What level of the verterbrae does the oesophagus range from and its length?
The oesophagus ranges from C6 TO T10 and is 25cm
what structure does the oesophagus have to pass through to get to the stomach?
The oesophagus has to pass through the diaphragm to get to the stomach and it does so through the osephageal hiatus.
Decsribe the upper oesophargngeal sphincter and how it functions?
the oesopharyngeal splincter is a form of a skeletal muscle. It is made of the circopharyngeus and inferior constrictor muscles.
it usually relaxes during swallowing. Also as it is a skeletal muscle it also means it can be voluntarily controlled.
Describe the lower oesopharngeal sphincter and its function?
The lower oespharyngeal sphincter is made of smooth muscle and it is reinforced by the right diaphragmatic crus.
Its function is to prevent the Gastro-oesophargeal reflux
Describe the histology of the mouth, oroharynx, the laryngopharnx and oesophagus and factors that can effect it.
The cells lining the structures mentioned abouve are stratified squamous epithilum that is non keratinasised. theres muscus and fluids lining the tract usually. however there are factors such as smoking that can cause a distubance to this and cause the tract cells to become keratinasised.
what is the histology of the stomach
The stomach is lined with simple columnar epithilium along with PARIATLE cells which produce acid juices that trigger enxyme activation. As well at this goblet cells to secrete mucus.
where is the difference in cells along the oesphagus tract visible?
The difference is visable at the oesophago-gastric junction.
what is barrets oesophargeal?
so as you know at the oesphangeal- gatro junction theres a difference in cells. and this also is visble in colour. regions in the stomach are s=darker then that of the oesophagus. when theres an acid reflux it may somtimes cause there to be a comformation change in the cells liing the oesphagus to also become simple columnar.
